Нарушение календаря вакцинопрофилактики детей: взгляд врачей и родителей на проблему

The aim of this publication is a comparative analysis of the attitudes of paediatricians and parents towards vaccination and the vaccination calendar.Methods. An online poll among mothers of children under the age of was carried out. 315 women at the age of 20–45 took part in the poll. They were all questioned about their attitude towards vaccination and the adherence to the vaccination calendar. 42 paediatricians contributed their opinion on the subject of vaccination calendar violations, unjustified medical rejections and the vaccination of their own children and themselves.Results. The poll revealed a lack of correspondence between the parents’ idea of vaccination and the paediatricians’ attitudes towards vaccination calendar violations.Conclusion. Educational programs for doctors and parents covering the topic of vaccination can provide an effective resistance to the present anti-vaccination lobby. At the moment, the key issues are the necessity to decrease unjustified medical rejections for vaccinations, a continuous attention to the child’s vaccination status (at any addressing) and informing the parents about the diseases which can be prevented through immunization.Целью данного исследования стал сравнительный анализ результатов опроса родителей и врачей-педиатров, в котором выяснялось их отношение к вакцинопрофилактике и календарю прививок.Методы. Проведен онлайн-опрос женщин, имеющих детей в возрасте до 5 лет. В тестировании приняло участие 315 женщин в возрасте 20–45 лет. Всем были заданы вопросы об отношении к вакцинопрофилактике, соблюдении национального календаря прививок. О причинах нарушения календаря вакцинопрофилактики, необоснованных медицинских отводах, а также об отношении к вакцинации собственных детей и самих себя высказали мнение 42 врача-педиатра.Результаты. Проведенный опрос выявил несоответствие представлений о вакцинопрофилактике у родителей и отношения врачей-педиатров к нарушениям вакцинального календаря.Заключение. Эффективное противодействие существующему антивакцинальному лобби могут обеспечить образовательные программы в области иммунопрофилактики для врачей, а также подобные проекты для родителей. Ключевыми моментами на современном этапе являются сокращение необоснованных медицинских отводов от вакцинации, постоянное внимание к вакцинальному статусу ребенка (при любом обращении) и информирование родителей о болезнях, от которых можно предохранить ребенка при помощи иммунизации

Влияние океанического притока тепла в Баренцево море на региональные изменения ледовитости и статической устойчивости атмосферы

The influence of the oceanic heat inflow into the Barents Sea on the sea ice concentration and atmospheric characteristics, including the atmospheric static stability during winter months, is investigated on the basis of the results of ensemble simulations with the regional climate model HIRHAM/NAOSIM for the Arctic. The static stability of the atmosphere is the important indicator of the spatial and temporal variability of polar mesocyclones in the Arctic region. The results of the HIRHAM/NAOSIM regional climate model ensemble simulations (RCM) for the period from 1979 to 2016 were used for the analysis. The initial and lateral boundary conditions for RCM in the atmosphere were set in accordance with the ERA-Interim reanalysis data. An analysis of 10 ensemble simulations with identical boundary conditions and the same radiation forcing for the Arctic was performed. Various realizations of ensemble simulations with RCM were obtained by changing the initial conditions for integrating the oceanic block of the model. Different realizations of ensemble simulations with RCM are obtained by changing the initial conditions of the model oceanic block integration. The composites method was used for the analysis, i.e. the difference between the mean values for years with the maximum and minimum inflow of oceanic water into the Barents Sea. The statistical significance of the results (at a significance level of p < 0.05) was estimated using Student's t-test. In general, the regional climate model reproduces the seasonal changes in the inflow of the oceanic water and heat into the Barents Sea reasonably well. There is a strong relationship between the changes in the oceanic water and ocean heat inflow, sea ice concentration, and surface air temperature in the Barents Sea. Herewith, the increase in the oceanic water inflow into the Barents Sea in winter leads to a decrease in static stability, which contributes to changes in regional cyclonic activity. The decrease of the static stability is most pronounced in the southern part of the Barents Sea and also to the west of Svalbard.На основе результатов ансамблевых расчётов с использованием региональной климатической модели HIRHAM/NAOSIM для Арктики исследовано влияние притока океанических вод в Баренцево море на концентрацию морских льдов и характеристики атмосферы в зимние месяцы. Показана определяющая роль вариаций притока океанических вод в Баренцево море на режим морских льдов и приповерхностной температуры воздуха, а также статическую устойчивость атмосферы в зимний период

Violation of the Child Vaccination Calendar: the Attitudes of Doctors and Parents

The aim of this publication is a comparative analysis of the attitudes of paediatricians and parents towards vaccination and the vaccination calendar.Methods. An online poll among mothers of children under the age of was carried out. 315 women at the age of 20–45 took part in the poll. They were all questioned about their attitude towards vaccination and the adherence to the vaccination calendar. 42 paediatricians contributed their opinion on the subject of vaccination calendar violations, unjustified medical rejections and the vaccination of their own children and themselves.Results. The poll revealed a lack of correspondence between the parents’ idea of vaccination and the paediatricians’ attitudes towards vaccination calendar violations.Conclusion. Educational programs for doctors and parents covering the topic of vaccination can provide an effective resistance to the present anti-vaccination lobby. At the moment, the key issues are the necessity to decrease unjustified medical rejections for vaccinations, a continuous attention to the child’s vaccination status (at any addressing) and informing the parents about the diseases which can be prevented through immunization

The influence of ocean heat transport in the Barents Sea on the regional sea ice and the atmospheric static stability

The influence of the oceanic heat inflow into the Barents Sea on the sea ice concentration and atmospheric characteristics, including the atmospheric static stability during winter months, is investigated on the basis of the results of ensemble simulations with the regional climate model HIRHAM/NAOSIM for the Arctic. The static stability of the atmosphere is the important indicator of the spatial and temporal variability of polar mesocyclones in the Arctic region. The results of the HIRHAM/NAOSIM regional climate model ensemble simulations (RCM) for the period from 1979 to 2016 were used for the analysis. The initial and lateral boundary conditions for RCM in the atmosphere were set in accordance with the ERA-Interim reanalysis data. An analysis of 10 ensemble simulations with identical boundary conditions and the same radiation forcing for the Arctic was performed. Various realizations of ensemble simulations with RCM were obtained by changing the initial conditions for integrating the oceanic block of the model. Different realizations of ensemble simulations with RCM are obtained by changing the initial conditions of the model oceanic block integration. The composites method was used for the analysis, i.e. the difference between the mean values for years with the maximum and minimum inflow of oceanic water into the Barents Sea. The statistical significance of the results (at a significance level of p < 0.05) was estimated using Student's t-test. In general, the regional climate model reproduces the seasonal changes in the inflow of the oceanic water and heat into the Barents Sea reasonably well. There is a strong relationship between the changes in the oceanic water and ocean heat inflow, sea ice concentration, and surface air temperature in the Barents Sea. Herewith, the increase in the oceanic water inflow into the Barents Sea in winter leads to a decrease in static stability, which contributes to changes in regional cyclonic activity. The decrease of the static stability is most pronounced in the southern part of the Barents Sea and also to the west of Svalbard

Characterization and antitumoral activity of biohybrids based on turmeric and silver/silver chloride nanoparticles

The phyto-development of nanomaterials is one of the main challenges for scientists today, as it offers unusual properties and multifunctionality. The originality of our paper lies in the study of new materials based on biomimicking lipid bilayers loaded with chlorophyll, chitosan, and turmeric-generated nano-silver/silver chloride particles. These materials showed a good free radical scavenging capacity between 76.25 and 93.26% (in vitro tested through chemiluminescence method) and a good antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis bacterium (IZ > 10 mm). The anticancer activity of our developed bio-based materials was investigated against two cancer cell lines (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells HT-29, and human liver carcinoma cells HepG2) and compared to one healthy cell line (human fibroblast BJ cell line). Cell viability was evaluated for all prepared materials after a 24 h treatment and was used to select the biohybrid with the highest therapeutic index (TI); additionally, the hemolytic activity of the samples was also evaluated. Finally, we investigated the morphological changes induced by the developed materials against the cell lines studied. Biophysical studies on these materials were done by correlating UV–Vis and FTIR absorption spectroscopy, with XRD, SANS, and SAXS methods, and with information provided by microscopic techniques (AFM, SEM/EDS). In conclusion, these “green” developed hybrid systems are an important alternative in cancer treatment, and against health problems associated with drug-resistant infections