Phytoextraction potential of wheat and study on the applicable ratio of converter sludgein some soil-sludge mixtures

Converter sludge is a by-product of the “steel industry”, at the wet cleaning process of the converter gas. The sludge might contain heavy metal oxides, more particularly of lead- (Pb) and zinc (Zn) oxides. Our aim is to investigate the accumulation ratio of these components within the different parts of some selected plants during the potential phytoremediation, phytoextraction processes. The investigation was implemented with the collaboration of students, who gained practical knowledge in sample preparation, analysis and data evaluation. The gained knowledge is a good complement to what the students have been learned in higher education and provides useful practical insights into environmental analysis. For the preparation of the laboratory experiment of this research, we made seedling growth tests with white mustard (Sinapis alba) seeds on the 20-40-60-80% mixtures of converter sludge and different kinds of soils. According to the germination results we determined that the most capable mixtures were the converter sludge and the loess mixtures. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) was chosen as a test plant for the experiments. The mixing ratio of the converter sludge was 5-10-15-20-25%. The metal content of the sludge-soil mixtures and the different parts of the wheat plants (shoot, root) were analyzed by XRF instrument. The results showed that the most effective and tolerable ratio of converter sludge can be the 10 and 15% in loamy soil mixtures. Wheat plants seem to be applicable on decreasing of the metal content from the sludge-soil mixtures. The decreasing average ratio was 50 % for Pb, 53 % for Zn, at using the lowest applied ratio into the soils. Further aim is to find other potential industrial plants for decreasing of the ratio toxic elements from the converter sludge

Synthesis of New Series of 2-C-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-Pyrimidines and Their Evaluation as Inhibitors of Some Glycoenzymes

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Dunai iszapos üledék nehézfém tartalmának akkumuláció vizsgálata növényekkel

In these days, the surface waters and their floodplains and oxbow lakes are operating as ecological corridors, although their touristic role is not negligible. The monitoring and saving of these wetlands need for sustain these areas for the future generations. The environmental parameters of floodplains and oxbow lakes is revealed with the analyses of the quality of the water and sediment. The main sampling place of our research is a sediment dump was created by excavation from the Open Beach of Dunaújváros in 2009. In 2010 the whole sediment dump was planted with trees, and many kinds of weeds were also grown here. The main aim of this research is to analyse the heavy metal content of the sediment dump in Dunaújváros. Furthermore, the heavy metal content of the parella (Rumex obtusifolius L.), perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne) and riparian sedges (Carex riparia) which are growing on the sediment dump were also analysed. The distribution and the accumulation of the heavy metals inside this plant can be also determined with these measurements.Napjainkban a felszíni vízfolyások és azok árterei, holtágai ökológiai folyosóként működnek, emellett turisztikai szerepük sem elhanyagolható. Ahhoz, hogy ezeket a területeket fenntarthassuk a jövő nemzedékei számára, szükség van állapotuk folyamatos monitorozására, illetve javítására. Az árterek és holtágak környezeti jellemzőit elsősorban vizük és üledékük vizsgálatával tudjuk jól leírni. Terepi mintavételezéseink területe a Dunával közvetlen kapcsolatban lévő dunaújvárosi Szabadstrand üledékéből kotrással kialakított iszap meddő, amelyet 2009-ben hoztak létre. Az elmúlt évek alatt ezen az ártéren faültetés történt, de emellett jelentős gyomnövényzet is megtelepedett. Kutatásunk fő célja egyrészt az iszapmeddő nehézfém tartalmának monitorozása, másrészt pedig a rajta gyökerező növények nehézfém akkumulációjának vizsgálata volt. Az egykori folyóvízi üledéken megtelepedett növényfajok közül a lórom, vagy lósóska (Rumex obtusifolius L.), angol perje (Lolium perenne) és parti sás (Carex riparia) nehézfém tartalmának kimutatására került sor. A növényzeten belüli nehézfém akkumuláció meghatározásával ezen toxikus elemek növényi részek közötti megoszlását tártuk fel

New syntheses towards C-glycosyl type glycomimetics

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Effect of industrial sludge-soil mixtures on germination of white mustard and wheat

Many industrial process produce different kind of sludge as by-product. Those various sludge-types can contain heavy metals or other valuable or reusable elements (as rare-earth metals). Our aim is to determine the accumulation rate of these elements in the plant-tissues and establish the phytoremediaton potential of the plants. Laboratory experiment was conducted in seedling growth tests with various mixtures of red mud, converter sludge and different soil-type-peat mixtures. White mustard (Sinapis alba) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds were applied for the experiments. According to these tests we determined that among the mixtures the most capable ones were the red mud mixed with slightly saline or slightly acidic brown forest soils. In case of the converter sludge, mixtures with chernozem and loess soil showed the best results for germination. The presence of the used sludge-types could stimulate the germination of seeds and the growth of plumules of plants, however the results are highly depends on the type of the soils. The results highlight the importance of seedling tests in determining the phytoextraction possibility when using industrial waste materials, such as the tested sludge-types