Vpliv zdravljenja kroničnega endometritisa na uspešnost postopkov zunajtelesne oploditve – sistematični pregled literature

Izhodišča: Kronični endometritis (KE) poteka z blagimi kliničnimi znaki in naj bi bil povezan z neplodnostjo, s ponavljajočimi se splavi in ponavljajočo se neuspelo ugnezditvijo zarodka v postopkih oploditve z biomedicinsko pomočjo (OBMP). Ker si mnenja o ugotavljanju in zdravljenju KE v postopkih OBMP medsebojno nasprotujejo, smo si zastavili cilj sistematično pregledati članke o vplivu zdravljenja KE na reproduktivni izid pri neplodnih ženskah v postopkih OBMP. Metode: Pregledali smo zbirko Medline. Uporabili smo deskriptorje iz tezavra Medical subject headings (Mesh), ki so vključevali ključne besede kronični endometritis (angl. chronic endometritis) in zdravljenje (angl. treatment) ter nosečnost (angl. pregnancy). Vključili smo raziskave od januarja 1971 do marca 2022. Rezultati: V pregled smo vključili 8 raziskav, ki so uporabile različne sheme zdravljenja. Večina raziskav je ugotavljala statistično pomembne razlike v reproduktivnem izidu po zdravljenju KE. Zaključek: Zdravljenje KE lahko pozitivno vpliva na izid v sledečih si OBMP postopkih, vendar so še potrebne nadaljnje večje randomizirane študije

Slovenska priporočila za rabo nujne kontracepcije

Nujna kontracepcija (KC) je kontracepcija za zaščito pred neželeno nosečnostjo neposredno po nezaščitenem spolnem odnosu kot izhod v sili. Na voljo sta dve metodi nujne KC: oralna nujna KC in nujna vstavitev materničnega vložka z bakrom. V priporočilih so pojasnjene indikacije za nujno KC, vrste nujne KC, mehanizem delovanja, učinkovitost nujne KC ter previdnostni ukrepi, medsebojno delovanje z zdravili in neželeni učinki. Posebej je predstavljeno svetovanje nujne KC ter raba nujne KC pri različnih stanjih in boleznih žensk. Slovenska priporočila za rabo nujne KC povzemajo mednarodna priporočila in vključujejo prilagoditve za naše razmere

Sexual behaviour of secondary-school students in Ljubljana, 1994

Risk-taking sexual behaviour among adolescent can result in short-term and long-term consequences as early and unwanted pregnancy, abortion and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). With the aim to promote responsible sexual behaviour it's necessary to be familiar with the rate of sexually active adolescents, their knowledge about contraception and STDs and their attitude towards their own sexual activity. The research was conducted on the representative sample of 1723 secondary-school students in Ljubljana, attending first and third class. The data were collected by the questionnaire having 25 questions about sexual behaviour, knowledge about contraception and STDs, the sources of information and attitudes towards sexuality and its unwanted consequences. The research was conducted in February 1994.Risk-taking sexual behaviour among adolescent can result in short-term and long-term consequences as early and unwanted pregnancy, abortion and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). With the aim to promote responsible sexual behaviour it's necessary to be familiar with the rate of sexually active adolescents, their knowledge about contraception and STDs and their attitude towards their own sexual activity. The research was conducted on the representative sample of 1723 secondary-school students in Ljubljana, attending first and third class. The data were collected by the questionnaire having 25 questions about sexual behaviour, knowledge about contraception and STDs, the sources of information and attitudes towards sexuality and its unwanted consequences. The research was conducted in February 1994

Sexual behaviour of secondary-school students in Slovenia, 2004

In order the aim to evaluate the risk-taking behaviour, a representative study on sexual behaviour of secondary-school students in Slovenia was performed. In the spring of 2004, 2388 1st and 3rd grade students from 48 randomly selected secondary schools in Slovenia anonymously completed a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis.In order the aim to evaluate the risk-taking behaviour, a representative study on sexual behaviour of secondary-school students in Slovenia was performed. In the spring of 2004, 2388 1st and 3rd grade students from 48 randomly selected secondary schools in Slovenia anonymously completed a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis

Review of Clinical Trials on Effects of Oral Antioxidants on Basic Semen and Other Parameters in Idiopathic Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia

Infertility affects 50 to 80 million people worldwide. Male factor is a cause of infertility in almost half of cases, mainly due to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). With common diagnostic methods no cause can be found in approximately 30% of cases of male infertility due to OAT and these are considered idiopathic. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in male infertility and are proved to be higher in infertile men; antioxidants could oppose their effect. The aim of this paper was to review the literature on clinical trials in the period from year 2000 to year 2013 studying the effects of various types of antioxidant supplements on basic and other sperm parameters and pregnancy rates in subfertile males with idiopathic OAT. The majority of studies were randomized and placebo controlled and confirmed beneficial effect of antioxidants on at least one of the semen parameters; the biggest effect was determined on sperm motility. In many of these trials combinations of more antioxidants were assessed. The optimal dosages of one or more antioxidants were not defined. We concluded that antioxidants play an important role in protecting semen from ROS and can improve basic sperm parameters in case of idiopathic OAT

CHALLENGES IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE OF ADOLESCENTS IN SLOVENIA

Background: Slovenia is one of the most successful European countries in the prevention of adolescent pregnancy and the country with a relative early sexual engagement of adolescents. Every year new generations of adolescents are entering puberty, thus reproductive health care of adolescents should be our continuous priority. Methods: The most important challenges in reproductive health care of adolescents in Slovenia are early sexual engagement of adolescents, low double method use at sexual intercourse and inadequate detection of sexually transmitted infections. Possible responses should be found on a micro-level of physician (recognition of a new role of physician, promotion of ABC ap- proach) and on a macro-level of society (development of national strategy of reproductive health care, introduction of systematic sexuality education in the schools). Conclusions: Challenges in reproductive health care of adolescents are several and possible responses are integral. A response on challenges demand that every physician recognizes his/her new role and develops his/her competency. Responses on challenges will be feasible with inter- connection of physicians with other physicians and professionals and with collaboration of profession and politics

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endocrine Disruptors (Bisphenols, Parabens, and Triclosan)—A Systematic Review

Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can result in alterations of the female reproductive system, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this review was to summarize the knowledge about the association of EDCs (bisphenols, parabens, and triclosan) with PCOS. We conducted an electronic literature search using PubMed for studies published between January 2007 and October 2022 on EDCs related to PCOS, and evaluated the association of PCOS with bisphenols, parabens and triclosan in 15 articles. Most studies revealed significantly higher plasma, urinary or follicular fluid levels of bisphenol A (BPA) in women with PCOS, and some showed a positive correlation of BPA with insulin resistance, polycystic morphology on ultrasound, hepatic steatosis, bilirubin levels, as well as free androgen index, androstenedione and testosterone serum levels, and markers of low-grade chronic inflammation. There was a negative correlation of BPA with markers of ovarian reserve, sex hormone binding globulin and vitamin D–binding protein. Parabens and triclosan have been studied in only one study each, with no significant associations with PCOS observed. Our review revealed an association of BPA with PCOS and negative effects of BPA on human ovaries; more research is needed to assess the potential associations of parabens and triclosan with PCOS