Filogenia e evolução de caracteres do gênero de samambaias Cyclodium C. Presl (Dryopteridaceae)

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo H. Labiak EvangelistaCoorientador: Dr. Fernando Bittencourt MatosAutor não autorizou a divulgação do arquivo digitalDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica. Defesa : Curitiba, 28/03/2019.Inclui referências: p. 147-149.Resumo: Cyclodium é um gênero de samambaias leptosporangiadas da família Dryopteridaceae, caracterizado morfologicamente por suas frondes férteis e estéreis geralmente dimorfas, soros arredondados, e indúsios peltados. A maioria das espécies é terrestre e sua distribuição é exclusivamente neotropical, ocorrendo desde o Panamá e Trindade até a Argentina, Paraguai e sudeste do Brasil. Cyclodium pertence ao clado das samambaias polibotrióides, composto principalmente por plantas hemiepifíticas e com frondes dimorfas. Os objetivos deste trabalho são investigar as relações filogenéticas das espécies de Cyclodium e do gênero com outros grupos de Dryopteridaceae, a evolução de 12 caracteres morfológicos e do hábito, além de atualizar a taxonomia para o gênero. A análise filogenética foi conduzida através de cinco sequências de DNA cloroplastidial (rbcL, rps4- trnS, trnG-trnR, psbA-trnH e trnP-petG), utilizado os métodos Bayesiano e de Máxima Verossimilhança. A análise incluiu 24 terminais de Cyclodium (78% das espécies e variedades anteriormente descritas por Smith). Os resultados demonstram que Cyclodium é monofilético e grupo irmão de Polybotrya. Além disto, C. calophyllum, C. heterodon, C. inerme, C. meniscioides, C. trianae var. trianae e C. trianae var. chocoense são monofiléticas. Quatro caracteres morfológicos foram úteis para suportar a monofilia de alguns grupos: indúsio peltado para o gênero; a ausência de escamas na face abaxial da costa para C. alansmithii e C. inerme; esporos com a perina perfurada para C. heterodon, C. alansmithii, C. inerme, C. akawaiorum, C. meniscioides, C. calophyllum, C. guianense, and C. rheophilum, e reverte para não perfurado em C. guianense e C. inerme; dimorfismo das frondes férteis e estéreis e ápice conforme para C. akawaiorum e C. meniscioides. Na revisão do gênero, reconhecemos 13 espécies de Cyclodium, considerando as novidades taxonômicas que foram propostas como as espécies novas C. alansmithii e C. pubescens, a mudança de status de variedade para espécie da variedade de C. trianae, e a união das variedades de C. heterodon e C. meniscioides no táxon de origem. Foram designados lectótipos para C. calophyllum, C. guianense e C. meniscioides.Abstract: Cyclodium is a leptosporangiate fern genus that belongs to Dryopteridaceae, morphologically characterized by its usually dimorphic fertile-sterile fronds, round sori, and peltate indusia. Most of species are terrestrial and it is exclusively neotropical, occurring from Panama and Trinidad to Argentina, Paraguay, and southeastern Brazil. Cyclodium belongs to the polybotryoid clade, which is mostly represented by hemiepiphytic plants with dimorphic fronds. The goals of this study are to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among Cyclodium species and between the genus with other groups of Dryopteridaceae, the character evolution of 12 morphological characters, and growth habit, besides to update the taxonomy of the genus. The phylogeny was built using five cloroplastidial DNA (rbcL, rps4-trnS, trnGtrnR, psbA-trnH, and trnP-petG), under the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. The analysis included 24 Cyclodium terminals (78% of species and varieties previously described by Smith). The results show that the genus is monophyletic and sister to Polybotrya. Furthermore, C. calophyllum, C. heterodon, C. inerme, C. meniscioides, C. trianae var. trianae and C. trianae var. chocoense are monophyletic. Four morphoplogical characters were useful to support the monophyly of certain groups: peltate indusium for Cyclodium; the absence of scales on costae abaxially for C. alansmithii and C. inerme; perforated perine of spores for C. heterodon, C. alansmithii, C. inerme, C. akawaiorum, C. meniscioides, C. calophyllum, C. guianense, and C. rheophilum, whitch reverts to non-perforated in C. guianense and C. inerme; sterile-fertile fronds dimorphism and conform apex for C. akawaiorum and C. meniscioides. On the genus revision, we recognized 13 species of Cyclodium, including the taxonomic novelties proposed, as the new species C. alansmithii and C. pubescens, the variety C. trianae raising status to species, and the lumping of the varieties of C. heterodon and C. meniscioides in the autonymic taxon. Lectotypes were designated to C. calophyllum, C. guianense and C. meniscioides

Caracterização da Butirilcolinesterase e análise do efeito de metais pesados na atividade e formas moleculares da enzima em peixes Hoplias intermedius

Orientadora : Lupe Furtado AlleCoorientadora: Luciane Viater TureckMonografia (Bacharelado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Graduação em Ciências Biológica

Taxonomic novelties in Cyclodium (Dryopteridaceae) and a key to the species with free veins

Background – Cyclodium is a neotropical fern genus comprising about ten species. Most species are found in northern South America, and the foothills of the Guiana Shield is an important region for species diversification. Our phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of the genus demonstrated the need to describe a new species and to recognize a variety at species level.Methods – This study is based on herbarium specimens from CAY, HUA, INPA, MBM, NY, P, RB, UC, UFP, UPCB, and US. Morphological characters were analyzed using standard procedures. The indumentum and spores of the new species were studied using a scanning electron microscope. Species delimitation is proposed based on our preliminary phylogenetic studies, as well as on morphology and geographical distribution.Key results – Cyclodium alansmithii Bohn & Labiak is recognized as a new species, described, and illustrated. The most similar species is Cyclodium inerme (Fée) A.R.Sm., from which it differs by ovate-lanceolate and bicolored scales, reduced fronds, truncate pinna bases, and non-ciliate indusia. Cyclodium alansmithii is currently assessed as Endangered (EN) using IUCN criteria, but more fieldwork and herbarium studies are necessary to establish a more accurate conservation assessment. Cyclodium trianae (Mett.) A.R.Sm. var. chocoense A.R.Sm. is here elevated to species rank. A key to species of Cyclodium with free veins is provided

The ferns and lycophytes of Reserva Natural Guaricica, Antonina, Paraná, Brazil

We found 204 species of pteridophytes in Reserva Natural Guaricica, a private natural heritage reserve (RPPN) in Antonina, Paraná, Brazil. With approximately 8,600 ha and elevations ranging from sea level to 600 m, RPPN Guaricica has more species of pteridophytes than any other area in Paraná. Ferns are represented by 194 species in 82 genera and 26 families, whereas lycophytes comprise 10 species in four genera and two families. The RPPN is the type locality of two recently described species: Hypolepis acantha Schwartsb. and Oleandra australis Schwartsb. & J.Prado. It is also the only place of occurrence of Didymoglossum angustifrons Fée, Diplazium riedelianum (Bong. ex Kuhn) C.Chr., Pteris ensiformis Burm.f., P. tripartita Sw., Saccoloma elegans Kaulf., and Steiropteris polypodioides (Raddi) Salino & T.E.Almeida in Paraná. Pteris ensiformis and Saccoloma brasiliense (C.Presl) Mett. are new state records. Additional species are expected to occur in the area, in view of their known geographical ranges

The ferns and lycophytes of Reserva Natural Guaricica, Antonina, Paraná, Brazil

We found 204 species of pteridophytes in Reserva Natural Guaricica, a private natural heritage reserve (RPPN) in Antonina, Paraná, Brazil. With approximately 8,600 ha and elevations ranging from sea level to 600 m, RPPN Guaricica has more species of pteridophytes than any other area in Paraná. Ferns are represented by 194 species in 82 genera and 26 families, whereas lycophytes comprise 10 species in four genera and two families. The RPPN is the type locality of two recently described species: Hypolepis acantha Schwartsb. and Oleandra australis Schwartsb. & J.Prado. It is also the only place of occurrence of Didymoglossum angustifrons Fée, Diplazium riedelianum (Bong. ex Kuhn) C.Chr., Pteris ensiformis Burm.f., P. tripartita Sw., Saccoloma elegans Kaulf., and Steiropteris polypodioides (Raddi) Salino & T.E.Almeida in Paraná. Pteris ensiformis and Saccoloma brasiliense (C.Presl) Mett. are new state records. Additional species are expected to occur in the area, in view of their known geographical ranges

The ferns and lycophytes of Reserva Natural Guaricica, Antonina, Paraná, Brazil

We found 204 species of pteridophytes in Reserva Natural Guaricica, a private natural heritage reserve (RPPN) in Antonina, Paran&amp;aacute;, Brazil. With approximately 8,600 ha and elevations ranging from sea level to 600 m, RPPN Guaricica has more species of pteridophytes than any other area in Paran&amp;aacute;. Ferns are represented by 194 species in 82 genera and 26 families, whereas lycophytes comprise 10 species in four genera and two families. The RPPN is the type locality of two recently described species: Hypolepis acantha Schwartsb. and Oleandra australis Schwartsb. &amp;amp; J.Prado. It is also the only place of occurrence of Didymoglossum angustifrons F&amp;eacute;e, Diplazium riedelianum (Bong. ex Kuhn) C.Chr., Pteris ensiformis Burm.f., P. tripartita Sw., Saccoloma elegans Kaulf., and Steiropteris polypodioides (Raddi) Salino &amp;amp; T.E.Almeida in Paran&amp;aacute;. Pteris ensiformis and Saccoloma brasiliense (C.Presl) Mett. are new state records. Additional species are expected to occur in the area, in view of their known geographical ranges.</jats:p

The ferns and lycophytes of Reserva Natural Guaricica, Antonina, Paraná, Brazil

We found 204 species of pteridophytes in Reserva Natural Guaricica, a private natural heritage reserve (RPPN) in Antonina, Paraná, Brazil. With approximately 8,600 ha and elevations ranging from sea level to 600 m, RPPN Guaricica has more species of pteridophytes than any other area in Paraná. Ferns are represented by 194 species in 82 genera and 26 families, whereas lycophytes comprise 10 species in four genera and two families. The RPPN is the type locality of two recently described species: Hypolepis acantha Schwartsb. and Oleandra australis Schwartsb. & J.Prado. It is also the only place of occurrence of Didymoglossum angustifrons Fée, Diplazium riedelianum (Bong. ex Kuhn) C.Chr., Pteris ensiformis Burm.f., P. tripartita Sw., Saccoloma elegans Kaulf., and Steiropteris polypodioides (Raddi) Salino & T.E.Almeida in Paraná. Pteris ensiformis and Saccoloma brasiliense (C.Presl) Mett. are new state records. Additional species are expected to occur in the area, in view of their known geographical ranges

Taxonomic novelties in Cyclodium (Dryopteridaceae) and a key to the species with free veins

Background – Cyclodium is a neotropical fern genus comprising about ten species. Most species are found in northern South America, and the foothills of the Guiana Shield is an important region for species diversification. Our phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of the genus demonstrated the need to describe a new species and to recognize a variety at species level.Methods – This study is based on herbarium specimens from CAY, HUA, INPA, MBM, NY, P, RB, UC, UFP, UPCB, and US. Morphological characters were analyzed using standard procedures. The indumentum and spores of the new species were studied using a scanning electron microscope. Species delimitation is proposed based on our preliminary phylogenetic studies, as well as on morphology and geographical distribution.Key results – Cyclodium alansmithii Bohn &amp; Labiak is recognized as a new species, described, and illustrated. The most similar species is Cyclodium inerme (Fée) A.R.Sm., from which it differs by ovate-lanceolate and bicolored scales, reduced fronds, truncate pinna bases, and non-ciliate indusia. Cyclodium alansmithii is currently assessed as Endangered (EN) using IUCN criteria, but more fieldwork and herbarium studies are necessary to establish a more accurate conservation assessment. Cyclodium trianae (Mett.) A.R.Sm. var. chocoense A.R.Sm. is here elevated to species rank. A key to species of Cyclodium with free veins is provided.</jats:p

Phylogeny and Character Evolution of the Neotropical Fern Genus <i>Cyclodium</i> (Dryopteridaceae)

Abstract— Cyclodium is a neotropical fern genus with 13 species, most of them distributed in the Amazonian lowlands, particularly in the Guianan region and along the border with the Andes. It belongs to the polybotryoid clade of Dryopteridaceae, being unique within this clade by a combination of characters related to rhizome growth, leaf dimorphism, anastomosing venation, and peltate indusia. Here we present a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for Cyclodium resulting from Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses, using molecular sequences of five plastid markers. We also map 12 morphological characters and habit onto the resulting trees. Our results support Cyclodium as monophyletic and sister to Polybotrya. The presence of peltate indusia is the main character distinguishing Cyclodium. Our results also suggest that plesiomorphic conditions in Cyclodium are free venation (vs. anastomosing), creeping rhizomes (vs. erect or decumbent), highly dissected laminae (vs. 1-pinnate), monomorphic sterile and fertile fronds (vs. dimorphic), and pinnatifid apices (vs. conform).</jats:p