Constitutive equations in two-dimensional flow Final report, Sep. 1964 - Aug. 1969

Stress-strain equations for viscoelastic materials with emphasis on two dimensional flow

Woman, a Vehicle of Visual Expression in Contemporary Times

This paper is a discussion of a woman as a vehicle of visual expression in contemporary times. Certain artists have been selected for the discussion of woman as subject matter and as symbol. An overview is given concerning some trends that have an influence on contemporary society, women in that society, and consequently affect how women have been portrayed. The selected artists were chosen as representatives of directional types or theme types and some of the implications of their female imagery is discussed. The concept of woman as symbol in her historically recorded debut as fertility figurine ( Willendorf Venus ) sets a precedent for the symbolic imagery of woman. This precedent is substantiated by some of the artists in example. The artists selected span a time from the late 19th Century (their productive years) to the recent death of Richard Lindner, in 1978. There are two distinct elements common to the selected artists\u27 work. The first element would be subject matter, of which woman and her symbolism is dominant, or at least highly visible in the artists\u27 volumnes of work. The second element common to these artists would be the visible and characteristic representation of woman, as a type. The individuals whose female imagery is discussed are Mary Cassatt, Edvard Munch, Kaethe Kollwitz, Gustav Klimt, Vincent Van Gogh, Richard Lindner and (the author of the paper) Tamara Bogue. There is a tie in with the individual artists and the attitudes of the times. These societal attitudes may be the result of political movements, economic situations, religious traditions, or complex combinations of these forces as well as others. And, the imagery of the female (through the artist) may be in accordance with these attitudes; or it may be a reaction to them. The imagery of woman has often been an individual artist\u27s response to her traditional role tied to the past and her changing role tied to the future. And these artists\u27 responses are at least affected by the condition of woman. The paper is a discussion of the psychology in the imagery of woman and technique is not emphasized. Rather, emphasis is on the implications of the content and message. One of the motivations for the topic of the thesis is to give context and meaning to the author\u27s drawings of women. This series of drawings concerns itself with the female condition. There is evidence (in the author\u27s drawings) of the changing role of woman and there are kindrednesses in the artists selected as examples. There are illustrations to support the author\u27s point of view. They consist of works by Cassatt, Munch, Kollwitz, Klimt, Van Gogh, and Lindner. Included also, is work by the author

Woman, a Vehicle of Visual Expression in Contemporary Times

This paper is a discussion of a woman as a vehicle of visual expression in contemporary times. Certain artists have been selected for the discussion of woman as subject matter and as symbol. An overview is given concerning some trends that have an influence on contemporary society, women in that society, and consequently affect how women have been portrayed. The selected artists were chosen as representatives of directional types or theme types and some of the implications of their female imagery is discussed. The concept of woman as symbol in her historically recorded debut as fertility figurine ( Willendorf Venus ) sets a precedent for the symbolic imagery of woman. This precedent is substantiated by some of the artists in example. The artists selected span a time from the late 19th Century (their productive years) to the recent death of Richard Lindner, in 1978. There are two distinct elements common to the selected artists\u27 work. The first element would be subject matter, of which woman and her symbolism is dominant, or at least highly visible in the artists\u27 volumnes of work. The second element common to these artists would be the visible and characteristic representation of woman, as a type. The individuals whose female imagery is discussed are Mary Cassatt, Edvard Munch, Kaethe Kollwitz, Gustav Klimt, Vincent Van Gogh, Richard Lindner and (the author of the paper) Tamara Bogue. There is a tie in with the individual artists and the attitudes of the times. These societal attitudes may be the result of political movements, economic situations, religious traditions, or complex combinations of these forces as well as others. And, the imagery of the female (through the artist) may be in accordance with these attitudes; or it may be a reaction to them. The imagery of woman has often been an individual artist\u27s response to her traditional role tied to the past and her changing role tied to the future. And these artists\u27 responses are at least affected by the condition of woman. The paper is a discussion of the psychology in the imagery of woman and technique is not emphasized. Rather, emphasis is on the implications of the content and message. One of the motivations for the topic of the thesis is to give context and meaning to the author\u27s drawings of women. This series of drawings concerns itself with the female condition. There is evidence (in the author\u27s drawings) of the changing role of woman and there are kindrednesses in the artists selected as examples. There are illustrations to support the author\u27s point of view. They consist of works by Cassatt, Munch, Kollwitz, Klimt, Van Gogh, and Lindner. Included also, is work by the author

Geochemistry of Kauai shield-stage lavas: Implications for the chemical evolution of the Hawaiian plume

We measured He, Sr, Nd, Pb, and Os isotope ratios and major and trace element concentrations in stratigraphically and paleomagnetically controlled shield-stage lavas from Kauai, Hawaii. The range of 3He/4He ratios (17–28 RA) from Kauai is similar to that reported from Loihi and thus challenges the prevailing notion that high 3He/4He ratios are restricted to the preshield stage of Hawaiian magmatism. 3He/4He ratios vary erratically with stratigraphic position, and chronostratigraphic control from paleomagnetic data indicates very rapid changes in the 3He/4He ratios (up to 8 RA in ~102 years). These variations in helium isotopic ratios are correlated with variations in radiogenic isotope ratios, suggesting rapid changes in melt composition supplying the magma reservoir. A three-component mixing model, previously proposed for Hawaiian shield lavas, does not adequately explain the isotopic data in Kauai shield lavas. The addition of a depleted-mantle (DM) component with the isotopic characteristics similar to posterosional basalts explains the isotopic variability in Kauai shield lavas. The DM component is most apparent in lavas from the Kauai shield and is present in varying proportion in other Hawaiian shield volcanoes. Shield lavas from Kauai sample a high 3He/4He end-member (Loihi component), but while lavas from western Kauai have a larger contribution from the Kea component (high 206Pb/204Pb, anomalously low 207Pb/204Pb relative to 206Pb/204Pb), lavas from eastern Kauai have a larger proportion of an enriched (Koolau) component. The systematic isotopic differences between eastern and western Kauai reflect a gradual migration of the locus of volcanism from west to east, or alternatively east and west Kauai are two distinct shield volcanoes. In the latter case, the two shield volcanoes have maintained distinct magma supply sources and plumbing systems. Our new geochemical data from Kauai are consistent with the existence of a single high 3He/4He reservoir in the Hawaiian plume and suggest that the proportion of the different mantle components in the plume have changed significantly in the past 5 Myr. The long-term evolution of the Hawaiian plume and the temporal variability recorded in Kauai lavas require more complex geochemical heterogeneities than suggested by radially zoned plume models. These complexities may arise from heterogeneities in the thermal boundary layer and through variable entrainment of ambient mantle by the upwelling plume

Mouse Phenome Database

The Mouse Phenome Database (MPD; http://www.jax.org/phenome) is an open source, web-based repository of phenotypic and genotypic data on commonly used and genetically diverse inbred strains of mice and their derivatives. MPD is also a facility for query, analysis and in silico hypothesis testing. Currently MPD contains about 1400 phenotypic measurements contributed by research teams worldwide, including phenotypes relevant to human health such as cancer susceptibility, aging, obesity, susceptibility to infectious diseases, atherosclerosis, blood disorders and neurosensory disorders. Electronic access to centralized strain data enables investigators to select optimal strains for many systems-based research applications, including physiological studies, drug and toxicology testing, modeling disease processes and complex trait analysis. The ability to select strains for specific research applications by accessing existing phenotype data can bypass the need to (re)characterize strains, precluding major investments of time and resources. This functionality, in turn, accelerates research and leverages existing community resources. Since our last NAR reporting in 2007, MPD has added more community-contributed data covering more phenotypic domains and implemented several new tools and features, including a new interactive Tool Demo available through the MPD homepage (quick link: http://phenome.jax.org/phenome/trytools)

Thyroid-specific transcription factors control Hex promoter activity

The homeobox-containing gene Hex is expressed in several cell types, including thyroid follicular cells, in which it regulates the transcription of tissue-specific genes. In this study the regulation of Hex promoter activity was investigated. Using co-transfection experiments, we demonstrated that the transcriptional activity of the Hex gene promoter in rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells is ∼10-fold greater than that observed in HeLa and NIH 3T3 cell lines (which do not normally express the Hex gene). To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences, we evaluated the effect of the thyroid-specific transcription factor TTF-1 on the Hex promoter activity. TTF-1 produced 3-4-fold increases in the Hex promoter activity. Gel-retardation assays and mutagenesis experiments revealed the presence of functionally relevant TTF-1 binding sites in the Hex promoter region. These in vitro data may also have functional relevance in vivo, since a positive correlation between TTF-1 and Hex mRNAs was demonstrated in human thyroid tissues by means of RT-PCR analysis. The TTF-1 effect, however, is not sufficient to explain the difference in Hex promoter activity between FRTL-5 and cells that do not express the Hex gene. For this reason, we tested whether Hex protein is able to activate the Hex promoter. Indeed, co-transfection experiments indicate that Hex protein is able to increase the activity of its own promoter in HeLa cells ∼4-fold. TTF-1 and Hex effects are additive: when transfected together in HeLa cells, the Hex promoter activity is increased 6-7-fold. Thus, the contemporary presence of both TTF-1 and Hex could be sufficient to explain the higher transcriptional activity of the Hex promoter in thyroid cells with respect to cell lines that do not express the Hex gene. These findings demonstrate the existence of direct cross-regulation between thyroid-specific transcription factors

Mouse Phenome Database (MPD)

The Mouse Phenome Project was launched a decade ago to complement mouse genome sequencing efforts by promoting new phenotyping initiatives under standardized conditions and collecting the data in a central public database, the Mouse Phenome Database (MPD; http://phenome.jax.org). MPD houses a wealth of strain characteristics data to facilitate the use of the laboratory mouse in translational research for human health and disease, helping alleviate problems involving experimentation in humans that cannot be done practically or ethically. Data sets are voluntarily contributed by researchers from a variety of institutions and settings, or in some cases, retrieved by MPD staff from public sources. MPD maintains a growing collection of standardized reference data that assists investigators in selecting mouse strains for research applications; houses treatment/control data for drug studies and other interventions; offers a standardized platform for discovering genotype–phenotype relationships; and provides tools for hypothesis testing. MPD improvements and updates since our last NAR report are presented, including the addition of new tools and features to facilitate navigation and data mining as well as the acquisition of new data (phenotypic, genotypic and gene expression)

Method for forming a pallet with deep drawn legs

A method for molding articles such as pallets from flake-like wood particles mixed with binder, the pallets housing a deck and integral molding legs. A loosely fitted mat of wood flakes is formed by depositing a first plurality of layers of wood flakes onto a supporting surface with a flake aligners provided for causing alignment of those flakes which will form legs of the pallet. A second plurality of layers are formed with a flake aligner provided for causing alignment of flakes which will form the legs of the pallet and in a direction transverse to the direction of alignment of the flakes of the first layers.https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/patents/1097/thumbnail.jp

EvoBot: Towards a Robot-Chemostat for Culturing and Maintaining Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs)

In this paper we present EvoBot, a RepRap open-source 3D-printer modified to operate like a robot for culturing and maintaining Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs). EvoBot is a modular liquid handling robot that has been adapted to host MFCs in its experimental layer, gather data from the MFCs and react on the set thresholds based on a feedback loop. This type of robot-MFC interaction, based on the feedback loop mechanism, will enable us to study further the adaptability and stability of these systems. To date, EvoBot has automated the nurturing process of MFCs with the aim of controlling liquid delivery, which is akin to a chemostat. The chemostat is a well-known microbiology method for culturing bacterial cells under controlled conditions with continuous nutrient supply. EvoBot is perhaps the first pioneering attempt at functionalizing the 3D printing technology by combining it with the chemostat methods. In this paper, we will explore the experiments that EvoBot has carried out so far and how the platform has been optimised over the past two years

Pallet and apparatus for forming a pallet with deep drawn legs

A method and apparatus for molding articles such as pallets from flake-like wood particles mixed with binder, the pallets housing a deck and integral molding legs. A loosly fitted mat of wood flakes is formed by depositing a first plurality of layers of wood flakes onto a supporting surface with a flake aligners provided for causing alignment of those flakes which will form legs of the pallet. A second plurality of layers are formed with a flake aligner provided for causing alignment of flakes which will form the legs of the pallet and in a direction transverse to the direction of alignment of the flakes of the first layers.https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/patents/1081/thumbnail.jp