2 research outputs found

    Π₯омоцистСинот – Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ˜Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° васкуларнитС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ кај ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ со Π΄ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ мСлитус Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏ 2

    Get PDF
    BACKGROUND: Homocysteine (HCY) is a sulphur containing amino acid. The entire amount of homocysteine in the body is formed through the cycle of methylation of the amino acid methionine, as the primary and only source of homocysteine. The plasma free HCY is only 1%, while 70% is bound to albumin. The metabolism of HCY involves three enzymes: methionine synthase (MS) methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), cystathionine B synthase (CBS) and the vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid as cofactors of these enzymes. In case of metabolic disturbance of the metabolism of HCY due to enzymatic defect or because of lack of intracellular cofactor, HCY accumulates in the cells, after which it is excreted from the cells and its plasma levels rise. AIM: The purpose of this study is to obtain data that would prove the correlation of plasma homocysteine regarding the etiology of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes and the possibility of its use as an early predictor in the diagnosis of vascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This paper is a retrospective-prospective study conducted at the Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases in Skopje. The study have included 80 patients with diabetes mellitus 2. Patients who are recruited were divided into two groups: 50 patients diagnosed with vascular complications and a group of 30 patients without associated complications, which will be the control group. The test group of patients will be made up of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with confirmed diagnosis and treated with insulin and oral treatment. RESULTS: From the preliminary results of the microvascular complications the most frequent and statistically significant is the prevalence of the nephropathy with 32%. Retinopathy was represented with 29 % and microalbuminuria was detected in 27.5% of the patients. Among the macrovascular complications 31 % of the patients were diagnosed with arterial hypertension and 12.50% with peripheral arterial diseases. In the present study higher levels of homocysteine were detected in group of diabetic subjects with microvascular and macrovascular complications comparing to control group of patients where no complications were diagnosed and levels of homocysteine were among reference ranges. CONCLUSION: Hiperhomocisteinemia represents a risk factor in etiology of chronic complications in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. However, further research would provide clear evidence of the impact of increased levels of homocysteine and its role in damage to the endothelium of blood vessels and the emergence of long-term vascular complications.ΠžΠ‘ΠΠžΠ’Π: Π₯омоцистСинот (Нсу) Π΅ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ кисСлина која содрТи сулфур. Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ количСство Π½Π° хомоцистСин Π²ΠΎ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ сС Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡƒ циклусот Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° ΠΎΠ΄ аминокисСлината ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ основСн ΠΈ СдинствСн ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΡ€ Π½Π° хомоцистСин. Π’ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π° Нсу сС Π½Π°ΠΎΡ“Π° слободСн само 1%, Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΊΠ° 70% сС Π½Π°ΠΎΡ“Π° Π²Ρ€Π·Π°Π½ Π·Π° Π°Π»Π±ΡƒΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅. Π’ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π° Нсу сС ΠΈΠ½Π²ΠΎΠ»Π²ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΈ: ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½ синтаза (МБ), ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ…ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ‚ Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°Π·Π° (МВΠ₯Π€Π ), цистатионин Π‘ сСнтитаза (Π¦Π‘Π‘) ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ B6, B12 ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΠ»Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° кисСлина, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. Π’ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜ Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π° хомоцистСинот ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°Π΄ΠΈ Снзимски Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°Π΄ΠΈ нСдостиг Π½Π° нСкој ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡƒΠ»Π°Ρ€Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΡ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€, Π΄ΠΎΠ°Ρ“Π° Π΄ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡƒΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° Нсу Π²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ° Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΈ Π·Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ°Ρ‚Π° Π²ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π°. Π¦Π•Π›: Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π΅ Π΄Π° сС Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ†ΠΈ со ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π±ΠΈ сС Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π»Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅Π»Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ° хомоцистСинот Π²ΠΎ однос Π½Π° Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° микроваскуларнитС ΠΈ макроваскуларнитС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ моТноста Π·Π° Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π½ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ Π²ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° васкуларнитС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ кај ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ со Π΄ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ мСлитус. ΠœΠ•Π’ΠžΠ”Π˜: Π’Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‚ прСтставува рСтроспСктивно-проспСктивно ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ сС одвивашС Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° Π·Π° Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ˜Π° ΠΈ болСсти Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ Π²ΠΎ БкопјС. Π‘Ρ‚ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈ 80 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ со Π΄ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ мСлитус 2. Π Π΅Π³Ρ€ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΈ: 50 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ со Π΄ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½ΠΈ васкуларни ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ 30 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, која Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π½Π° Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ°. Π Π•Π—Π£Π›Π’ΠΠ’Π˜: Од ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ“Ρƒ микроваскуларнитС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ сигнификантно Π½Π°Ρ˜Π·Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π° бСшС Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° со 32%, ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ° Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° со 29% ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π»Π±ΡƒΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° со 27.5%. Од макроваскуларнитС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ сигнификантно ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ˜Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ˜Π·Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π° Ρ…ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° болСст со ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»Π½Π° застапСност ΠΎΠ΄ 31%, ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° артСриска болСст со 12.50%. Високи врСдности Π½Π° хомоцистСин Π±Π΅Π° Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½ΠΈ кај Π΄Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ со микроваскуларни ΠΈ макроваскуларни ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎ однос Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ врСдноститС Π½Π° хомоцистСин Π±Π΅Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ“Ρƒ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈ. Π—ΠΠšΠ›Π£Π§ΠžΠš: Π₯ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ…ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° прСтставува Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ Π²ΠΎ Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ кај ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ со Π΄ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ мСлитус Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏ 2. Π‘Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π½ΠΈ сС ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΎΡˆΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π±ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ јасни ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ†ΠΈ Π·Π° Π²Π»ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° Π·Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ° Π½Π° хомоцистСин ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π° ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° Π²ΠΎ ΠΎΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π° ΠΊΡ€Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ садови ΠΈ појава Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ˜Π½ΠΈ васкуларни ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ

    Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Diet, Metformin or Insulin

    Get PDF
    AIM: Aim of the study was to compare outcomes of pregnancy in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treated with metformin, insulin, or diet.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 48 women with GDM treated with metformin, 101 with insulin, and 200 women on a diet from the Outpatient Department of Endocrinology and University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Skopje.RESULTS: The groups were comparable in age, smoking cigarettes and positive family history of diabetes. Mean glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at 37 gestation week, mean fasting, postprandial glycaemia, and gestational age at delivery were lower in diet and metformin than insulin group. No differences in mode of delivery were observed between the metformin and insulin group. Women in metformin group had a significantly lower incidence of LGA newborns than diet and insulin groups. The percent of SGA new-borns was higher in insulin group than diet and metformin groups. The incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia was statistically significantly higher in the insulin group than in the metformin and diet group.CONCLUSION: Metformin in women with GDM can improve maternal and neonatal outcomes compared with those treated with diet or insulin
    corecore