Modeling the adoption and use intensity of improved maize seeds in Benin West-Africa: Double-hurdle approach

Improved maize seeds are one of the main factors that can contribute to improving maize productivity. This paper was carried out with the aim of identifying the determinants of adoption and improved maize seeds’ intensity use on households in all areas favourable to maize production in Benin using pooled data on 490 producers.  Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, percentage, frequency distribution, t and chi-square tests were used to summarize the characteristics of the sampled producers. Cragg's Double Hurdle model was also used to categorize producers who adopted or who did not adopt improved maize seed and those who intensified the use of improved maize seed. The results showed that literacy, easy access to improved seed, specific training received on the use of improved varieties and gender, affected the adoption of improved maize seed while easy access to improved seed, maize yield, relationship with extension services, total household size, age squared, number of experience years in maize production, and distance from the producer to where the seed was purchased had a significant influence on the decision to intensify the use of improved maize seed. The fact that the variable easy access to improved seeds affected not only the adoption of improved seeds but also the intensification of their use, confirmed that access to improved seeds was an indisputable success factor for the intensification of improved seed use. Giving producers the capacity to obtain improved maize seed that was financially and geographically improved was a very important aspect to be considered by policy makers in the definition of agricultural policies. Predisposing factors for access (perception of varieties, attitudes towards the choice of new varieties, knowledge and management of these varieties) and capacity factors for access (income, availability of seeds in the environment, and seed prices) must be considered. The establishment of a wide seed distribution network through government and non-governmental organizations or private actors could, therefore, be important to reduce transaction costs and improve access to improved maize seed, and then increase the rate of adoption and continued use of improved seed

Connaissances des accouchees sur les soins essentiels du nouveau-ne a domicile a n’Dali

Introduction : Au Bénin la mortalité néonatale stagne autour de 38‰ naissances vivantes depuis 1996. Pour atteindre la cible 3.2 des Objectif du  Développement Durable des actions doivent être menées parmi lesquelles les soins essentiels aux nouveau-nés (SEN) qui visent à améliorer la santé des nouveau-nés par le biais d’interventions simples et peu couteuses. Méthode : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique menée du 07 mars au 08 juin 2018 au centre de santé communal et à  l’hôpital Saint Padré et Pio de N’Dali au Nord Est du Bénin. Un échantillon aléatoire systématique de 205 accouchées avait été soumis à un questionnaire dont les données ont été analysées par le logiciel Epi info. La comparaison des proportions était faite à l’aide du test de KHI² et une valeur de p < 0,05 était considérée comme significative. Résultats : Globalement les accouchées avaient un niveau de connaissance moyen. La source d’information des femmes sur les SEN à domicile était un agent de santé dans 16,6%. Il y avait une association statistiquement significative entre le niveau d’instruction (p=0,0069), la parité (p=0,0000), l’information par un personnel de santé (p=0,000) et la connaissance des accouchées sur les SEN à domicile. Conclusion: Les connaissances des accouchées sur les SEN restent moyennes. Il est nécessaire de les renforcer par une information et éducation sur les SEN au cours des consultations prénatales et de visites postnatales à domicile qui devraient être instaurées. Mots clés : soins essentiels, nouveau-né, connaissances, accouchées. English Title: Knowledge of essential newborn care at home among mothers in n’Dali Introduction: In Benin, neonatal mortality has been stagnating at around 38 per 1,000 live births since 1996. To achieve target 3.2 of the Sustainable Development Goal, actions must be carried out, including essential newborn care aimed at improving the health of newborns. Aspect  épidémiologique de la perte auditive chez les travailleurs d’une industrie agroalimentaire à Lomé au Togo  through simple and inexpensive  interventions. Method: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from 07 March to 08 June 2018 at the municipal health center and at  the Saint Padré and Pio hospital in N'Dali, North East Benin. A systematic random sample of 205 deliveries was submitted to a questionnaire whose data were analyzed by the Epi info software. The proportions were compared using the KHI² test and a value of p <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Overall, the deliveries had an average level of knowledge. The women's source of information on newborn essential care was a health worker in 16.6%. There was a statistically significant association between education level (p = 0.0069), parity (p = 0.0000), information by health staff (p = 0.000), and maternal knowledge of SEN at home. Conclusion: The knowledge of the mothers on the SENs remains average. There is a need to strengthen them with information and education  about SEN during prenatal consultations and postnatal home visits that should be initiated. Keywords: essential care, newborn, knowledge, mothers. &nbsp

Evaluation d’un protocole de traitement des mucites dans un Hopital Pediatrique du Maroc

Introduction : La mucite est une inflammation des muqueuses de la bouche et/ou du tractus digestif due au traitement anticancéreux. Elle est l’un des effets secondaires les plus fréquents dans la prise en charge des patients en oncologie. Sa prise en charge est difficile et fait appel à des protocoles thérapeutiques variables et consensuels.Objectif : Evaluer le suivi et l’efficacité d’un protocole expérimental de prise en charge des mucites dans le service d’hématologie et d’oncologie pédiatrique de l’Hôpital du 20 Août 1953 au Maroc.Méthode : Il s’était agi d’une étude prospective descriptive qui s’était déroulée du 15 novembre 2016 au 16 avril 2017 en deux phases : une phase 1 d’état des lieux et une phase 2 d’évaluation du protocole expérimental. La population d’étude était constituée de tous les enfants hospitalisés pendant la période, ayant présenté une mucite quel que soit le grade. La saisie et l’analyse des données avaient été faites à l’aide de MicrosoftExcel 2016.Résultats : La fréquence de la mucite était de 31,5% (12/38) au cours de la phase 1 et de 29 % (9/31) au cours de la phase 2 ; le sex ratio était respectivement de 1 et 0,8 au cours des deux phases. Les pathologies associées à la survenue des mucites étaient essentiellement les hémopathies malignes (85% et 66%) avec une prédominance des leucémies aigues myél oïdes. La majorité des enfants (58,3% et 55,5%) avaient un antécédent de mucite (aux cures de chimiothérapies antérieures). Après la mise en route du protocole, tous les enfants avaient eu la prévention comme proposée (sauf pour le brossage) et la mucite était diagnostiquée au grade 1 d’évolution de l’OMS. La durée moyenne de guérison était de 5,8 jours à l’évaluation de la phase 2 contre 9,45 jours au cours de la phase 1.Conclusion : Le nouveau protocole de traitement de la mucite était suivi et son application a permis de réduire la durée de sa prise charge à  l’hôpital. Mots clés : traitement mucite, chimiothérapie, grades OMS, Maroc   English Title: Evaluation of a protocol for the treatment of Mucositis in a Pediatric Hospital of Morocco  Introduction : Mucositis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth and / or the digestive tract due to anticancer treatment. It is one of the most common side effects in the management of oncology patients. Its management is difficult and uses variable and consensual therapeutic protocols.Goal: To evaluate the follow-up and the effectiveness of an experimental protocol of management of the mucositis in the department of  hematology and pediatric oncology of the Hospital 20th August 1953 in Morocco.Method: It was a prospective descriptive study that took place from November 15, 2016 to April 16, 2017 in two phases: a phase 1 inventory and a phase 2 evaluation of the experimental protocol. The study population consisted of all children hospitalized during the period with mucositis regardless of grade. Data entry and analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2016.Results: The frequency of mucositis was 31.5% (12/38) during phase 1 and 29% (9/31) during phase 2; the sex ratio was 1 and 0.8 respectively in both phases. The pathologies associated with the onset of mucositis were mainly hematological malignancies (85% and 66%) with a predominance of acute myeloid leukemias. The majority of children (58.3% and 55.5%) had a history of mucositis (with prior chemotherapy treatments). After starting the protocol, all the children had had prevention as proposed (except for brushing) and mucositis was diagnosed at grade 1 of WHO's course. The mean duration of healing was 5.8 days at the Phase 2 evaluation versus 9.45 days in Phase 1.Conclusion: The new protocol for the treatment of mucositis was followed and its application reduced the duration of its load in the hospital. Keywords: mucositis treatment, chemotherapy, WHO grades, Morocco   &nbsp

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The Geography of Retailing in France: More than 40 Years of Researches

International audience"The aim of the chapter is to show the development of the geography of retailing in France since 1975 until today, that is, since the creation of the geography’s Commission of retailing by Jacqueline Beaujeu-Garnier within the French National Committee of Geography. Almost a non-entity in Vidalian-inspired geography, of the emergence of retail and trade as a subject study in academia, must first be presented in connection with the socio-economic transformations of French society. Indeed, France was becoming an urban society, and commerce was its main factor: the eyes could not miss it. Second, we will follow the transformation of the geography of retailing considering the cultural turn, which has encouraged an opening to new subjects, new issues, and allowing new researches in many subfields of geography. The study of retail in geography benefited from the cultural turn, in contributing to overcome a recurring opposition between culture and retail in geographical approaches. This situation has a singular ring in France, where sociologists like Bourdieu and Baudrillard have written a sociology of consumption that denounces the commercialization of culture through consumption. Finally, since the beginning of the twenty-first century, we will try to show that the geography of retailing in France has managed to treat new subjects linking commerce, culture, and society, and is today expanding into the geography of retailing and consumption.