INTERVALS OPTIMIZATION OF SYSTEMS INFORMATION SECURITY INSPECTION

A Markov model is suggested for secure information systems, functioning under conditions of destructive impacts, which aftereffects are found by on-line and test control. It is assumed that on-line control, in contrast to the test one, is char- acterized by the limited control completeness, but does not require the stopping of computational process. The aim of re- search is to create models that optimize intervals of test control initialization by the criterion of probability maximization for system stay in the ready state to secure fulfillment of the functional requests and minimization of the dangerous system states in view of the uncertainty and intensity variance of the destructive impacts. Variants of testing intervals optimization are con- sidered depending on the intensity of destructive impacts by the criterion of the maximum system availability for the safe execution of queries. Optimization is carried out with and without adaptation to the actual intensity change of destructive impacts. The efficiency of adaptive change for testing periods is shown depending on the observed activity of destructive impacts. The solution of optimization problem is obtained by built-in tools of computer mathematics Mathcad 15, including symbolic mathematics for solution of systems of algebraic equations. The proposed models and methods of determining the optimal testing intervals can find their application in the system design of computer systems and networks of critical applications, working under conditions of destabilizing actions with the increased requirements for their safety

Updating of physical activity trained on the basis of lessons by professional and applied physical training

Transition of system of sports education to new standards of the third generation is the effective tool for updating of physical activity trained on the basis of lessons by professional and applied physical training. The approaches to development of the leading physical qualities promoting not only are shown to more successful mastering a profession, but also formation of competence of the athletes who are engaged in applied types of single combats in article. In the sphere of physical culture competence provides success in mastering various means of professional and applied physical training of young athletes. By results of the skilled pilot study organized by the author in work reduced forms of combinations of development of competence of the young athletes who are engaged in professional and applied types of single combats with other types of professional activityПереход системы физкультурного образования на новые стандарты третьего поколения является эффективным инструментом для актуализации двигательной активности обучающихся на основе занятий профессионально-прикладной физической подготовкой. В статье показаны подходы к развитию ведущих физических качеств, способствующие не только более успешному овладению профессией, но и формированию компетентности спортсменов, занимающихся прикладными видами единоборств. В сфере физической культуры компетентность обеспечивает успешность в овладении различными средствами профессионально-прикладной физической подготовки юных спортсменов. По результатам организованного автором опытно-экспериментального исследования в работе приведены формы сочетаний развития компетентности юных спортсменов, занимающихся профессионально-прикладными видами единоборств с другими видами профессиональной деятельност

Colormetric system for monitoring the growth of microalgae Dunaliella salina under laboratory conditions

The brackish microalgae Dunaliella salina, being an extremophilic halophyte, is a promising object for biotechnological production. The aim of this work is to develop a methodology for non-destructive control of the development of a microalgae culture under conditions of balanced growth during periodic cultivation on plates. Before the start of the experiment, the microalgae culture was synchronized. The quantitative content of chlorophylls a and b, as well as carotenoids, was determined spectrophotometrically in alcohol extracts. During cultivation, time-lapse images were recorded on a smartphone camera. The basis of the colorimetric evaluation is the analysis of the time series of images in the RGB color model. It is shown that the ratio of colors correlates to a high degree with the content of the determined main plant pigments – chlorophylls and carotenoids, and with the data of spectrophotometric measurements of live suspensions. The changes in the blue channel are the most pronounced, the least being in the green channel. The logarithm of color intensity is linearly dependent on the degree of dilution of the culture. The developed method for real-time monitoring of the development dynamics of the D. salina microalgae culture makes it possible to build growth curves and solve multiparametric problems to optimize the cultivation of microalgae, including when working with large arrays of samples

Анализ влияния атмосферных возмущений на энергетический потенциал спутникового радиоканала Ka-/Q-диапазонов

Signal attenuation in satellite radio channel of Ka/Q bands has been analysed. It is demonstrated that the attenuation of the signal as it passes through the settlement is a dynamic value varying from 0 to 15.5 dB depending on the intensity of the rain, unlike other attenuation components, which may be considered as quasi-static values. Energy losses has been determined taking into account all attenuation components of the highly elliptical orbit of satellites, which for maximum rain intensity amount to 235 and 218 dB for Ka and Q bands, respectively. Luferchik A. V., Luferchik P. V., Galeev R. G., Bogatyrev E. V. Analysis of the influence of atmospheric disturbances on the energy potential of the Ka/Q-band satellite radio channel. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2023;7(2):137–152. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15826/urej.2023.7.2.003.Проведен анализ затухания сигнала в спутниковом радиоканале Ka-/Q-диапазонов. Показано, что затухание сигнала при прохождении через осадки является динамической величиной, изменяющейся в диапазоне от 0 до 15,5 дБ в зависимости от интенсивности дождя, в отличие от других составляющих затухания, которые могут рассматриваться как квазистатические величины. Определены энергетические потери с учетом всех составляющих затухания для высокоэллиптической орбиты спутников, которые для максимальной интенсивности дождя составили соответственно 235 и 218 дБ для Ka- и Q-диапазонов. Луферчик А. В., Луферчик П. В., Галеев Р. Г., Богатырев Е. В. Анализ влияния атмосферных возмущений на энергетический потенциал спутникового радиоканала Ka-/Q-диапазонов. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2023;7(2):137–152. DOI: 10.15826/urej.2023.7.2.003

Исследование характеристик нестационарности тропосферного канала связи

This paper presents the results of experimental research on the characteristics of multipath and non-stationarity of the tropospheric communication channel carried out on the 144 km long Krasnoyarsk-Balakhta path, at a radio signal transmission frequency of 5 GHz. The obtained measurement data may be used in modeling of the tropospheric channel in the process of designing tropospheric communication systems to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed algorithms designed to improve the energy efficiency of tropospheric communication systems. Vorobev N. A., Luferchik P. V., Shtro P. V., Bogatyrev E. V. Research on characteristics of non-stationarity of the troposcatter communication channel. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2023;7(2):123–136. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15826/urej.2023.7.2.002.В статье представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований характеристик многолучевости и нестационарности тропосферного канала связи, выполненных на трассе Красноярск —  Балахта протяженностью 144 км на частоте передачи радиосигналов 5 ГГц. Полученные данные измерений могут быть использованы при моделировании тропосферного канала в процессе проектирования систем тропосферной связи для оценки эффективности разрабатываемых алгоритмов, предназначенных для повышения энергетической эффективности систем тропосферной связи. Воробьев Н. А., Луферчик П. В., Штро П. В., Богатырев Е. В. Исследование характеристик нестационарности тропосферного канала связи. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2023;7(2):123–136. DOI: 10.15826/urej.2023.7.2.002

Метод повышения разрешающей способности по дальности радиоимпульсных датчиков систем ближней радиолокации

The description of a new method for increasing the resolution of radio pulse sensors (RPS) designed for short- range radar systems (SRRS) for detecting and measuring motion parameters of location objects is presented. The essence of the method is that the controlled area of space with the targets located in it is periodically irradiated with probing radio pulses, and during their radiation, radio pulses reflected from the targets are simultaneously received and divided into two quadrature channels. Next, they are mixed with probing radio pulses, and the time-overlapping parts of these radio pulses are converted into the region of low Doppler frequencies in the form of two quadrature video pulses. Then, the quadrature video pulses received in these channels are sampled by amplitude, stored at multiple points in time and digitally processed according to the proposed algorithm. The method is implemented in the RPS made on the basis of a horn-lens antenna, a Doppler receiving and transmitting module with quadrature outputs of converted signals, a synchronization and pulse generation unit, as well as a digital signal processing unit. The RPS can be used in onboard (for example, automotive) SRRS designed to detect moving targets, measure the distance to them, as well as determine the speed and direction of movement. The results of experimental studies have been obtained on the example of the 8-mm autodyne RPS made on the basis of the oscillator on a planar Gann-diode. Bogatyrev E. V., Vishnyakov D. S., Ignatkov K. A., Noskov V. Ya. Method of increasing the range resolution of radio pulse sensors of short-r ange radar systems. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2023;7(2):166–190. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15826/urej.2023.7.2.005.Представлено описание нового метода повышения разрешающей способности радиоимпульсных датчиков (РЛД), предназначенных для систем ближней радиолокации (СБРЛ) обнаружения и измерения параметров движения объектов локации. Суть метода состоит в том, что контролируемую область пространства с находящимися в ней целями периодически облучают зондирующими радиоимпульсами, причем во время их излучения одновременно принимают отраженные от целей радиоимпульсы и разделяют их на два квадратурных канала. Далее смешивают их с зондирующими радиоимпульсами, преобразуют перекрывающиеся по времени части этих радиоимпульсов в область низких доплеровских частот в виде двух квадратурных видеоимпульсов. Затем полученные в этих каналах квадратурные видеоимпульсы дискретизируют по амплитуде, запоминают во множестве моментов времени и подвергают цифровой обработке по предложенному алгоритму. Метод реализован в РЛД, выполненном на базе рупорно-линзовой антенны, доплеровского приемопередающего модуля с квадратурными выходами преобразованных сигналов, блока синхронизации и формирования импульсов, а также блока цифровой обработки сигналов. РЛД может найти применение в бортовых СБРЛ (например, автомобильных), предназначенных для обнаружения движущихся целей, измерения расстояния до них, а также определения скорости и направления движения. Результаты экспериментальных исследований получены на примере автодинного РЛД 8-мм диапазона, выполненного на основе генератора на планарном диоде Ганна. Богатырев Е. В., Вишняков Д. С., Игнатков К. А., Носков В. Я. Метод повышения разрешающей способности по дальности радиоимпульсных датчиков систем ближней радиолокации. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2023;7(2):166–190. DOI: 10.15826/urej.2023.7.2.005

On the origin of petroleum n-alkylbenzenes

© 2015 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The homologous series of C9-C23 n-alkylbenzenes has been first identified in the products of thermal and thermocatalytic transformations of the insoluble part of the Arthrobacter sp. RV and Pseudomonas aeruginosa RM bacterial biomass, and their distribution has been revealed; a homologous series of n-alkyltoluenes has been discovered as well. It has been suggested that the n-alkylbenzenes are biomarkers

Soliton formation from a pulse passing the zero-dispersion point in a nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation

We consider in detail the self-trapping of a soliton from a wave pulse that passes from a defocussing region into a focussing one in a spatially inhomogeneous nonlinear waveguide, described by a nonlinear Schrodinger equation in which the dispersion coefficient changes its sign from normal to anomalous. The model has direct applications to dispersion-decreasing nonlinear optical fibers, and to natural waveguides for internal waves in the ocean. It is found that, depending on the (conserved) energy and (nonconserved) mass of the initial pulse, four qualitatively different outcomes of the pulse transformation are possible: decay into radiation; self-trapping into a single soliton; formation of a breather; and formation of a pair of counterpropagating solitons. A corresponding chart is drawn on a parametric plane, which demonstrates some unexpected features. In particular, it is found that any kind of soliton(s) (including the breather and counterpropagating pair) eventually decays into pure radiation with the increase of the energy, the initial mass being kept constant. It is also noteworthy that a virtually direct transition from a single soliton into a pair of symmetric counterpropagating ones seems possible. An explanation for these features is proposed. In two cases when analytical approximations apply, viz., a simple perturbation theory for broad initial pulses, or the variational approximation for narrow ones, comparison with the direct simulations shows reasonable agreement.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. Phys. Rev. E, in pres

Метод повышения помехоустойчивости радиолокационных датчиков с переключением частоты

The description of a new method of signal generation and processing which provides an increase in the noise immunity of radar sensors (RS) with frequency switching (FS) radiation is presented. The principle of method is in the use of a set of time intervals when measuring the phase difference of signals at different radiation frequencies and, accordingly, a set of the Doppler frequency values in the signal spectrum when determining the average value of the Doppler frequency, as well as the use of forward and reverse IF sequences. This method allows averaging the results of calculating individual implementations and, thereby, increase the accuracy of determining the target speed and distance to it. At the same time, the stability of the RS with FS also increases to the effects of signals from third-party radio sources and interference from the underlying surface. The results of experimental studies of the method are obtained on the example of the autodyne RS with the 8-mm frequency range, made on the basis of the Gann diode generator with frequency control by varicap. The method may be used in on-board (for example, automotive) radar sensors designed to detect moving targets, measure the distance to them, as well as determine the speed and direction of movement. Представлено описание нового метода формирования и обработки сигналов, обеспечивающего повышение помехоустойчивости радиолокационного датчика (РЛД) с переключением частоты (ПЧ) излучения. Суть метода состоит в использовании множества временных интервалов при измерении разности фаз сигналов на разных частотах излучения и, соответственно, множества значений доплеровских частот в спектре сигнала при определении среднего значения доплеровской частоты, а также применения прямой и обратной последовательностей ПЧ. Данный метод позволяет усреднить результаты вычисления отдельных реализаций и, тем самым, повысить точность определения скорости цели и расстояния до нее. При этом также повышается устойчивость РЛД с ПЧ к воздействию сигналов от сторонних источников радиоизлучения и помех от подстилающей поверхности. Результаты экспериментальных исследований метода получены на примере автодинного РЛД с ПЧ 8-мм диапазона, выполненного на основе генератора на диоде Ганна с управлением частоты варикапом. Метод может найти применение в бортовых (например, автомобильных) радиолокационных датчиках, предназначенных для обнаружения движущихся целей, измерения расстояния до них, а также определения скорости и направления движения.Носков В. Я., Богатырев Е. В., Игнатков К. А., Черных О. А., Шайдуров К. Д. Метод повышения помехоустойчивости радиолокационных датчиков с переключением частоты. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2021;5(3):284–304. DOI: 10.15826/urej.2021.5.3.006.

The effects of prolonged oral administration of gold nanoparticles on the morphology of hematopoietic and lymphoid organs

Currently, the usage of gold nanoparticles as photosensitizers and immunomodulators for plasmonic photothermal therapy has attracted a great attention of researches and end-users. In our work, the influence of prolonged peroral administration of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with different sizes on the morphological changes of hematopoietic and lymphoid organs was investigated. The 24 white outbred male rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into groups and administered orally for 30 days the suspension of gold nanospheres with diameters of 2, 15 and 50 nm at a dosage of 190 μg/kg of animal body weight. To prevent GNPs aggregation in a tissue and enhance biocompatibility, they were functionalized with thiolated polyethylene glycol. The withdrawal of the animals from the experiment and sampling of spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow tissues for morphological study were performed a day after the last administration. In the spleen the boundary between the red and white pulp was not clearly differ in all experimental groups, lymphoid follicles were significantly increased in size, containing bright germinative centers represented by large blast cells. The stimulation of lymphocyte and myelocytic series of hematopoiesis was recorded at morphological study of the bone marrow. The number of immunoblasts and large lymphocytes was increased in all structural zones of lymph nodes. The more pronounced changes were found in the group with administration of 15 nm nanoparticles. Thus, the morphological changes of cellular components of hematopoietic organs have size-dependent character and indicate the activation of the migration, proliferation and differentiation of immune cells after prolonged oral administration of GNPs