Pion-Muon Asymmetry Revisited

Long ago an unexpected and unexplainable phenomena was observed. The distribution of muons from positive pion decay at rest was anisotropic with an excess in the backward direction relative to the direction of the proton beam from which the pions were created. Although this effect was observed by several different groups with pions produced by different means, the result was not accepted by the physics community, because it is in direct conflict with a large set of other experiments indicating that the pion is a pseudoscalar particle. It is possible to satisfy both sets of experiments if helicity-zero vector particles exist and the pion is such a particle. Helicity-zero vector particles have direction but no net spin. For the neutral pion to be a vector particle requires an additional modification to conventional theory as discussed herein. An experiment is proposed which can prove that the asymmetry in the distribution of muons from pion decay is a genuine physical effect because the asymmetry can be modified in a controllable manner. A positive result will also prove that the pion is NOT a pseudoscalar particle.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Recent Advances in Understanding Particle Acceleration Processes in Solar Flares

We review basic theoretical concepts in particle acceleration, with particular emphasis on processes likely to occur in regions of magnetic reconnection. Several new developments are discussed, including detailed studies of reconnection in three-dimensional magnetic field configurations (e.g., current sheets, collapsing traps, separatrix regions) and stochastic acceleration in a turbulent environment. Fluid, test-particle, and particle-in-cell approaches are used and results compared. While these studies show considerable promise in accounting for the various observational manifestations of solar flares, they are limited by a number of factors, mostly relating to available computational power. Not the least of these issues is the need to explicitly incorporate the electrodynamic feedback of the accelerated particles themselves on the environment in which they are accelerated. A brief prognosis for future advancement is offered.Comment: This is a chapter in a monograph on the physics of solar flares, inspired by RHESSI observations. The individual articles are to appear in Space Science Reviews (2011

Topological Spaces with Skorokhod Representation Property

We give a survey of recent results that generalize and develop a classical theorem of Skorokhod on representation of weakly convergent sequences of probability measures by almost everywhere convergent sequences of mappings.Наведено огляд отриманих останнім часом результатів, що узагальнюють класичну теорему Скорохода про зображення слабко збіжної послідовності ймовірнісних мір майже напевно збіжними послідовностями відображень

Cytochrome d induction in Escherichia coli growing under unfavorable conditions

AbstractGrowth of E. Coli in the presence of the protonophorous uncoupler pentachlorophenol is shown to strongly enhance levels of cytochrome d, a putative Na+-motive oxidase. This effect was found to be arrested by chloramphenicol and stimulated by high Na+ concentration in the growth medium. The induction of cytochrome d takes place in a mutant deficient in the F0F1 ATP-synthase but does not occur in mutants deficient in either of two different components of the Arc system. Similar relationships were revealed when pentachlorophenol was replaced by ferricyanide and phenazine methosulfate, agents oxidizing the respiratory chain. Induction of cytochrome d is also shown to occur in riboflavin-deficient mutants growing in the presence of such low riboflavin concentrations as to be insufficient to maintain a high respiration rate. It is suggested (i) that it is Δ−μH+ decrease rather than reduction of the respiratory chain that is the signal for the induction of cytochrome d, and (ii) the Arc system is involved in this type of metabolic regulation

Structural shifts in the GRP of the Chelyabinsk region

Овчинникова Анна Владимировна, доктор экономических наук, директор, Удмуртский филиал Института экономики УрО РАН, Ижевск, Россия, [email protected] Богачев Егор Анатольевич, экономист, Удмуртский филиал Института экономики УрО РАН, Ижевск, Россия, [email protected] Anna V. Ovchinnikova, Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Director, Udmurt Branch of the Institute of Eco-nomics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russia, [email protected] Egor A. Bogachev, economist, Udmurt Branch of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russia, [email protected]В условиях замедления темпов экономического роста актуальным становится вопрос выделения отраслей-драйверов экономического роста, которые обеспечат развитие с учетом современной экономической конъюнктуры. Анализ региональных особенностей структурных изменений позволяет проследить истоки общероссийских трендов, что дает возможность, проводя поэтапное исследование структурной динамики в субъектах РФ, выработать действенную программу отраслевого развития национальной экономики, обеспечивающую ускорение темпов роста ВВП. Цель исследования: определение взаимосвязи между структурными сдвигами и экономическим ростом Челябинской области за период с 2004 по 2020 г. для выявления отраслей-драйверов экономического роста и отраслей-аутсайдеров. Задачи исследования: теоретико-методологические обеспечение анализа структурных сдвигов в сопряжении с темпами экономического роста; сбор релевантных статистических данных о темпах роста ВРП Челябинской области и его структуре за период с 2004 по 2020 г.; идентификация параметров и размерности структурных сдвигов в ВРП Челябинской области и определение их качества в сопряжении с темпами роста ВРП на душу населения. Гипотеза исследования: происходящие в структуре ВРП Челябинской области изменения не обеспечивают ускорения темпов экономичного роста. В научной литературе недостаточно исследована структурная динамика экономики Челябинской области и ее влияние на темпы роста валового регионального продукта. Существующие по данной теме работы анализируют структурные сдвиги в промышленности Челябинской области за период 1998 г. по 2004 г. Таким образом, научная новизна исследования заключается в анализе структурной динамики экономики Челябинской области в разрезе укрупнённых видов экономической деятельности за период с 2004 по 2020 г. с использованием модифицированного метода сопряжения структурных сдвигов с темпами экономического роста. In the context of a slowdown in economic growth, it becomes urgent to identify industries driving the economic growth that will ensure development with consideration to the current economic situation. The analysis of regional features of structural changes allows to trace the origins of all-Russian structural trends, which makes it possible, by conducting a step-by-step study of the structural dynamics of the Russian Federation subjects, to develop an effective program for the sectoral development of the national economy to accelerate GDP growth. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between structural shifts and economic growth in the Chelyabinsk Region over the period from 2004 through 2020 in order to identify industries driving the economic growth and outsider industries. Research objectives include the theoretical and methodological support for the analysis of structural shifts in conjunction with the pace of economic growth; collection of relevant statistical data on the growth rate of GRP of the Chelyabinsk Region and its structure over the period from 2004 through 2020; and identification of parameters and dimensions of structural shifts in the GRP of the Chelyabinsk Region and determination of their quality in conjunction with the growth rate of GRP per capita. The hypothesis of the study is as follows: the changes taking place in the GRP structure of the Chelyabinsk Region do not provide an acceleration of economic growth rates. The structural dynamics of the economy of the Chelyabinsk Region and its impact on the growth rate of the gross regional product have not been sufficiently studied in the scientific literature. The existing works on this topic explore the structural shifts in the industry of the Chelyabinsk Region over the period from 1998 through 2004. Thus, the scientific novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the structural dynamics of the economy of the Chelyabinsk Region in the context of major types of economic activity over the period from 2004 through 2020 using a modified method of conjugating structural shifts with the pace of economic growth