Breakway friction and dynamic friction/wear measurements of various ceramic materials from 25 C (75 F) to 650 C (1200 F)

This report describes the results of a program designed to evaluate the breakaway friction and dynamic friction/wear characteristics of materials having potential for use as load bearing components in a high-performance high-temperature heavy duty diesel engine. Ten candidate materials were selected, six of which were evaluated under all possible material combinations as both stationary as well as moving breakaway specimens. The remaining materials were evaluated either in the static mode against themselves and all other materials, or against themselves only. Experiments were performed at five temperatures up to 650 C (1200 F) and unit pressures of 700 kPa (100 lb/sq in.), 3500 kPa (500 lb/sq in.), and 7000 kPa (1000 lb/sq in.). Experimental results indicate that under dynamic conditions, four of the ten materials exhibited good to excellent friction/wear characteristics in various material combinations. These materials were: titanium carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide (reaction sintered), and Refel (SiC)

Penggunaan Ekstraksi Fasa Padat Untuk Analisis Tetrasiklin Dalam Contoh Udang

A great quantity of Indonesian frozen prawns were exported to Japan and America. Unfortunately these products have often been rejected due to their content of tetracycline derivative residues. Qualitative analysis of frozen prawn samples being exported by means of HPLC, indicated that they are contaminated by oxytetracycline and tetracycline residues. A problem of quantitative analysis of such residues could be due to several peaks of the matrix being eluted closely to the peaks of the tetracycline derivatives. An experiment was carried out to eliminate the peaks of the matrix origin using SPE (Solid Phase Extraction) in order to quantify the derivatives more accurately. Application of SPE in the sample pretreatment is useful not only for separating the solute being analyzed from the matrixs, but also for concentrating the tetracycline derivatives of the extract. The recovery of SPE column elution process was about 90% and the SPE octadecyl (1 ml) column capacity for oxytetracycline, tetracycline, demeclocycline and doxycycline i.e. 2.4-7.9 ug; 3.5-11.8 ug; 3.4-11.2 ug and 17.3-57.5 ug respectively

Atomically-thin quantum dots integrated with lithium niobate photonic chips

The electro-optic, acousto-optic and nonlinear properties of lithium niobate make it a highly versatile material platform for integrated quantum photonic circuits. A prerequisite for quantum technology applications is the ability to efficiently integrate single photon sources, and to guide the generated photons through ad-hoc circuits. Here we report the integration of quantum dots in monolayer WSe2 into a Ti in-diffused lithium niobate directional coupler. We investigate the coupling of individual quantum dots to the waveguide mode, their spatial overlap, and the overall efficiency of the hybrid-integrated photonic circuit

Risk-based surveillance for human health hazards: the example of Trichinella

Increasing demands for cost-effectiveness in surveillance for human health hazards can be met by introducmg risk-based principles. This implies targeting subpopulations w1th higher risk of infection compared to the whole population. We demonstrate how historical data from surveillance can be used to assess risk of infection. The model is called Discounting historical evidence and depends mainly on two variables: Annual risk of introduction Plntro and surveillance system sensitivity SSe (ability to detect infection if present). The model Implies simulations that reiterate for a number of years, and for each year the output is updated with the confidence on absence of infection. Trichinella spiralis infection in pigs is used as an example. In Denmark, pigs at slaughter are tested (currently 23 million per year), and despite of \u3e 70 years of sampling no pigs have been found positive. Hence, we concluded that Plntro is low. SSe can be estimated from the maximum number of infected carcasses expected under the specified design prevalence, and the sensitivity of the test applied. According to the assessment, the prevalence of Trichmella in Danish pigs is negligible (\u3c1 case/million). Based on this , a risk-based surveillance programme for Trichinella is designed that targets all out-door reared pigs as well as all sows and boars (currently 610,000 per year). Compared to confined pigs, outdoor-reared pigs have higher risk of getting Trichinella because of their exposure to wildlife, which might harbour Trichinella. Sows and boars are at increased risk, because they live longer than fimshers. Again, SSe and Plntro are estimated and the model is used to show how risk-based surveillance can be applied without jeopardizing human health. Finally, we incorporate wildlife surveys and test quality assurance in the programme. The model results are included in an application to the European Commission concern1ng Denmark\u27s status as a region with negligible risk of Trichinella

Strategies to overcome low MHC-I expression in paediatric and adult tumours

Immunotherapy has made significant advancements in cancer treatments, improving patients' survival rates and quality of life. Several challenges still need to be addressed, which include the considerable fraction of incomplete curative responses in cancer patients, the development of therapy resistance by tumours, and the occurrence of adverse effects, such as inflammatory and autoimmune complications. Paediatric tumours usually exhibit lower responsiveness to immunotherapies compared to adult tumours. Although the underlying reasons are not yet fully understood, one known mechanism by which tumours avoid immune recognition is through reduced cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) complexes. Accordingly, the reduced presentation of neoantigens by MHC-I hinders the recognition and targeting of tumour cells by CD8+ T cells, impeding T-cell-mediated cytotoxic anti-tumour responses. MHC-I downregulation indeed often correlates with a poorer prognosis and diminished response to immunotherapy. Understanding the mechanisms underlying MHC-I downregulation in different types of paediatric and adult tumours is crucial for developing strategies to restore MHC-I expression and enhance anti-tumour immune responses. We here discuss progress in MHC-I-based immunotherapies against cancers

Stochastic properties of water storage

August 1980.Includes bibliographical references (pages 46-48)