Ainu Prayer Text Asahikawa Ainu\u27s prayer (published in the KAMIKAWA Ainu Kumamatsuri )

欧文抄録:p.256These texts were told by Tuakanno SUNAZAWA,Nankeainu MONNO,Hautomtei MONNO, Atsumiyashikuru ISHIYAMA, and recoded by Hideaki KURAMITSU in city MONBETSU in Hokkaido on October.25, 1953. 30 prayers texts upon Bear ceremony(iomante) in Ainu northern diaIect (Ishikari dialect). Roman transcription.1. Prayer to the fire goddess 2.Prayer to the fire goddess 3.Tapkar dance 4.Prayer to the fire goddess 5.Prayer to the fire goddess 6.Prayer to the guardian of village 7.Prayer to the guardian of village 8.Prayer to the god of forest 9.Prayer to the god of wolf 10.Prayer to the god of fox 11.Prayer to the god of owl 12.Prayer to the god of bear 13.Prayer to the god of cliff 14. Prayer to the god of altar 15.Prayer to the god of altar 16.Prayer to the god of wren 17.Prayer to the god of waesel 18.Prayer to the Siberian black bellied dipper 19.Prayer to the water goddess 20.Prayer to the god of pile 21.Prayer to the god of pile 22.Prayer to the cubs 23.Prayer to the cubs 24.Prayer to the cubs 25.Prayer to the god of heaven 26.Prayer to the god of bear 27.Prayer to the cubs 28.Prayer to the god of bear 29. Prayer to the god of bear 30.Tapkar dance 31. Tapkar dance 32.Prayer to the fire goddess 33.Prayer to the cub

Ecosystem service delivery in restoration projects : the effect of ecological succession on the benefits of tidal marsh restoration

Long-term assessment of ecosystem restoration projects is complex because of ecological processes such as succession, particularly in highly dynamic ecosystems such as estuaries. Restoration of intertidal flats and marshes on formerly embanked land, often called managed coastal realignment (MR), became popular in estuarine management. In our study, biophysical and monetary data were collected to calculate the value of 15 (sub)ecosystem services (ES) delivered by a large tidal marsh restoration project in the Schelde estuary in Belgium and the Netherlands. We hypothesized that ES delivery changes over time due to ecological succession and hence the long-term benefits are subject to this phenomenon and need to be taken into consideration. A marsh sediment accretion model (MARSED) was used to simulate potential marsh succession scenarios. In this way, the temporal evolution of ES delivery caused by ecological succession could be evaluated. Our study shows that benefits during successional marsh stages could actually be higher than for marshes in equilibrium. This finding does not suggest that ecosystems in transition always have a higher value than systems in equilibrium, but emphasizes the need to consider long-term ecological dynamics, such as succession, in a benefit assessment for restoration projects

Applying the ecosystem services concept in marine projects

A full consideration of ecosystem services (ES) impacts, interactions and improvements can result in more sustainable and adaptive solutions for dredging and marine construction projects. Furthermore, the benefits can be translated in monetary terms, providing returns on investment and highlighting the links between ecology and economy. For some however, the ES concept is too theoretical. This article seeks to show how the ES concept can actively be applied at any point during a project and the benefits of doing so. Its purpose is to provide a framework for integrated and interdisciplinary thinking throughout the different steps of the project cycle