Studies of the Electromotive Force in Biological Systems: IV. The Effect of Carbon Monoxide on the E. M. F. of Frog Skin

Using a method similar to that previously reported by Steinbach (1933), Pumphrey and Francis (1933), and others the authors have studied the effect of different carbon monoxide-oxygen mixtures upon the inherent E. M. F. of pieces of isolated frog skin

The Carbon_h-Factor: Predicting Individuals' Research Impact at Early Stages of Their Career

Assessing an individual's research impact on the basis of a transparent algorithm is an important task for evaluation and comparison purposes. Besides simple but also inaccurate indices such as counting the mere number of publications or the accumulation of overall citations, and highly complex but also overwhelming full-range publication lists in their raw format, Hirsch (2005) introduced a single figure cleverly combining different approaches. The so-called h-index has undoubtedly become the standard in scientometrics of individuals' research impact (note: in the present paper I will always use the term “research impact” to describe the research performance as the logic of the paper is based on the h-index, which quantifies the specific “impact” of, e.g., researchers, but also because the genuine meaning of impact refers to quality as well). As the h-index reflects the number h of papers a researcher has published with at least h citations, the index is inherently positively biased towards senior level researchers. This might sometimes be problematic when predictive tools are needed for assessing young scientists' potential, especially when recruiting early career positions or equipping young scientists' labs. To be compatible with the standard h-index, the proposed index integrates the scientist's research age (Carbon_h-factor) into the h-index, thus reporting the average gain of h-index per year. Comprehensive calculations of the Carbon_h-factor were made for a broad variety of four research-disciplines (economics, neuroscience, physics and psychology) and for researchers performing on three high levels of research impact (substantial, outstanding and epochal) with ten researchers per category. For all research areas and output levels we obtained linear developments of the h-index demonstrating the validity of predicting one's later impact in terms of research impact already at an early stage of their career with the Carbon_h-factor being approx. 0.4, 0.8, and 1.5 for substantial, outstanding and epochal researchers, respectively

Critical analysis of information security culture definitions

This article aims to advance the understanding of information security culture through a critical reflection on the wide-ranging definitions of information security culture in the literature. It uses the hermeneutic approach for conducting literature reviews. The review identifies 16 definitions of information security culture in the literature. Based on the analysis of these definitions, four different views of culture are distinguished. The shared values view highlights the set of cultural value patterns that are shared across the organization. An action-based view highlights the behaviors of individuals in the organization. A mental model view relates to the abstract view of the individual’s thinking on how information security culture must work. Finally, a problem-solving view emphasizes a combination of understanding from shared value-based and action-based views. The paper analyzes and presents the limitations of these four views of information security culture definitions

Sarilumab in patients admitted to hospital with severe or critical COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Background: Elevated proinflammatory cytokines are associated with greater COVID-19 severity. We aimed to assess safety and efficacy of sarilumab, an interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor, in patients with severe (requiring supplemental oxygen by nasal cannula or face mask) or critical (requiring greater supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal support) COVID-19. Methods: We did a 60-day, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational phase 3 trial at 45 hospitals in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Russia, and Spain. We included adults (≥18 years) admitted to hospital with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and pneumonia, who required oxygen supplementation or intensive care. Patients were randomly assigned (2:2:1 with permuted blocks of five) to receive intravenous sarilumab 400 mg, sarilumab 200 mg, or placebo. Patients, care providers, outcome assessors, and investigators remained masked to assigned intervention throughout the course of the study. The primary endpoint was time to clinical improvement of two or more points (seven point scale ranging from 1 [death] to 7 [discharged from hospital]) in the modified intention-to-treat population. The key secondary endpoint was proportion of patients alive at day 29. Safety outcomes included adverse events and laboratory assessments. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04327388; EudraCT, 2020-001162-12; and WHO, U1111-1249-6021. Findings: Between March 28 and July 3, 2020, of 431 patients who were screened, 420 patients were randomly assigned and 416 received placebo (n=84 [20%]), sarilumab 200 mg (n=159 [38%]), or sarilumab 400 mg (n=173 [42%]). At day 29, no significant differences were seen in median time to an improvement of two or more points between placebo (12·0 days [95% CI 9·0 to 15·0]) and sarilumab 200 mg (10·0 days [9·0 to 12·0]; hazard ratio [HR] 1·03 [95% CI 0·75 to 1·40]; log-rank p=0·96) or sarilumab 400 mg (10·0 days [9·0 to 13·0]; HR 1·14 [95% CI 0·84 to 1·54]; log-rank p=0·34), or in proportions of patients alive (77 [92%] of 84 patients in the placebo group; 143 [90%] of 159 patients in the sarilumab 200 mg group; difference −1·7 [−9·3 to 5·8]; p=0·63 vs placebo; and 159 [92%] of 173 patients in the sarilumab 400 mg group; difference 0·2 [−6·9 to 7·4]; p=0·85 vs placebo). At day 29, there were numerical, non-significant survival differences between sarilumab 400 mg (88%) and placebo (79%; difference +8·9% [95% CI −7·7 to 25·5]; p=0·25) for patients who had critical disease. No unexpected safety signals were seen. The rates of treatment-emergent adverse events were 65% (55 of 84) in the placebo group, 65% (103 of 159) in the sarilumab 200 mg group, and 70% (121 of 173) in the sarilumab 400 mg group, and of those leading to death 11% (nine of 84) were in the placebo group, 11% (17 of 159) were in the sarilumab 200 mg group, and 10% (18 of 173) were in the sarilumab 400 mg group. Interpretation: This trial did not show efficacy of sarilumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 and receiving supplemental oxygen. Adequately powered trials of targeted immunomodulatory therapies assessing survival as a primary endpoint are suggested in patients with critical COVID-19. Funding: Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals

Proceedings of the 30th Australasian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS 2019)

Information Systems (IS) researchers currently lack an obvious place to start their literature searches. Existing tools suffer from being either too narrow in their coverage of existing research, leading to an insufficiency effect (low recall); or they are too encompassing, leading to an impracticality effect (low precision). From 11 listings of IS-related journals, we identify a set of 1,042 journals receptive to IS research. We introduce a web interface that allows searching for literature across most of these journals. The search tool enables researchers to narrow or widen the focus of searches, thus allowing researchers to optimise the precision-recall trade-off of their literature searches. We provide an evaluation of our artifact and discuss the relevance of our artifact for exploratory literature searches. Our artifact seeks to facilitate knowledge claims in IS research based on a shared body of knowledge beyond the AIS basket of eight journal

Briefe der Familie Paulet

BRIEFE DER FAMILIE PAULET Briefe der Familie Paulet ([1]) Einband ( - ) Titelseite ([1]) Widmung ([3]) Vorrede ([5]) Erster Brief. Herr Paulet an seinen Sohn ([9]) Zweiter Brief. Von und an den nemlichen (10) Dritter Brief. Susanne Paulet an ihren Bruder in London (15) Vierter Brief. Karl an seine Schwester (18) Fünfter Brief. Karl an seinen Vater (23) Sechster Brief. Herr Paulet an seinen Sohn (28) Siebender Brief. Susanne Paulet an ihren Bruder (34) Achter Brief. Karl an seine Schwester (36) Neunter Brief. Herr Paulet an seinen Sohn (41) Zehnter Brief. Karl an seinen Vater (47) Eilfter Brief. Susanne an ihren Bruder (51) Zwölfter Brief. Karl an seine Schwester (59) Dreizehnter Brief. Susanne an ihren Bruder (60) Vierzehnter Brief. Herr Paulet an seinen Sohn (65) Funfzehnter Brief. Susanne an ihren Bruder (70) Sechszehnter Brief. Herr Paulet an seinen Sohn (74) Siebenzehnter Brief. Susanne an ihren Bruder (79) Achtzehnter Brief. Karl an seine Schwester (82) Neunzehnter Brief. Karl an seinen Vater (85) Zwanzigster Brief. Susanne an ihren Bruder (92) Ein und zwanzigster Brief. Herr Paulet an seinen Sohn (94) Zwey und zwanzigster Brief. Karl an seinen Vater (109) Drey und zwanzigster Brief. Herr Paulet an seinen Sohn (121) Vier und zwanzigster Brief. Karl an seinen Vater (143) Fünf und zwanzigster Brief. Karl an seinen Vater (147) Sechs und zwanzigster Brief. Herr Paulet an seinen Sohn (154) Sieben und zwanzigster Brief. Miß Massem an Susanne Paulet (156) Acht und zwanzigster Brief. Karl an seinen Vater (160) Neun und zwanzigster Brief. Herr Paulet an seinen Sohn (166) Fragmente aus den Briefen des Hrn. Paulet an seinen Sohn (169