1,224 research outputs found
Reducing False Recognition in the Deese-Roediger/McDermott Paradigm: Related Lures Reveal How Distinctive Encoding Improves Encoding and Monitoring Processes
In the Deese-Roediger/McDermott (DRM) paradigm, distinctive encoding of list items typically reduces false recognition of critical lures relative to a read-only control. This reduction can be due to enhanced item-specific processing, reduced relational processing, and/or increased test-based monitoring. However, it is unclear whether distinctive encoding reduces false recognition in a selective or global manner. To examine this question, participants studied DRM lists using a distinctive item-specific anagram generation task and then completed a recognition test which included both DRM critical lures and either strongly related lures (Experiment 1) or weakly related lures (Experiment 2). Compared to a read-control group, the generate groups showed increased correct recognition and decreased false recognition of all lure types. We then estimated the separate contributions of encoding and retrieval processes using signal-detection indices. Generation improved correct recognition by both increasing encoding of memory information for list words and by increasing memory monitoring at test. Generation reduced false recognition by reducing the encoding of memory information and by increasing memory monitoring at test. The reduction in false recognition was equivalent for critical lures and related lures, indicating that generation globally reduces the encoding of related non-presented items at study (not just critical lures), while globally increasing list-theme-based monitoring at test
Nonlinear elastic-viscoplastic constitutive equations for aging facial tissues
This paper reports on the initial stages of a project to simulate the nonlinear mechanical behavior of an aging human face. A cross-section of the facial structure is considered to consist of a multilayered composite of tissues with differing mechanical behavior. The constitutive properties of these tissues are incorporated into a finite element model of the three-dimensional facial geometry. Relatively short time (elastic-viscoplastic) behavior is governed by equations previously developed which are consistent with mechanical tests. The long time response is controlled by the aging elastic components of the tissues. An aging function is introduced which, in a simplified manner, captures the observed loss of stiffness of these aging elastic components due to the history of straining as well as other physiological and environmental influences. Calculations have been performed for 30years of exposure to gravitational forces. Progressive gravimetric soft tissue descent is simulated, which is regarded as the main indication of facial aging. Results are presented for the deformations and stress distributions in the layers of the soft tissue
Getting at the Source of Distinctive Encoding Effects in the DRM Paradigm: Evidence From Signal-Detection Measures and Source Judgments
Studying Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) lists using a distinctive encoding task can reduce the DRM false memory illusion. Reductions for both distinctively encoded lists and non-distinctively encoded lists in a within-group design have been ascribed to use of a distinctiveness heuristic by which participants monitor their memories at test for distinctive-task details. Alternatively, participants might simply set a more conservative response criterion, which would be exceeded by distinctive list items more often than all other test items, including the critical non-studied items. To evaluate these alternatives, we compared a within-group who studied 5 lists by reading, 5 by anagram generation, and 5 by imagery, relative to a control group who studied all 15 lists by reading. Generation and imagery improved recognition accuracy by impairing relational encoding, but the within group did not show greater memory monitoring at test relative to the read control group. Critically, the within group’s pattern of list-based source judgments provided new evidence that participants successfully monitored for distinctive-task details at test. Thus, source judgments revealed evidence of qualitative, recollection-based monitoring in the within group, to which our quantitative signal-detection measure of monitoring was blind
Free-Boundary Dynamics in Elasto-plastic Amorphous Solids: The Circular Hole Problem
We develop an athermal shear-transformation-zone (STZ) theory of plastic
deformation in spatially inhomogeneous, amorphous solids. Our ultimate goal is
to describe the dynamics of the boundaries of voids or cracks in such systems
when they are subjected to remote, time-dependent tractions. The theory is
illustrated here for the case of a circular hole in an infinite two-dimensional
plate, a highly symmetric situation that allows us to solve much of the problem
analytically. In spite of its special symmetry, this example contains many
general features of systems in which stress is concentrated near free
boundaries and deforms them irreversibly. We depart from conventional
treatments of such problems in two ways. First, the STZ analysis allows us to
keep track of spatially heterogeneous, internal state variables such as the
effective disorder temperature, which determines plastic response to subsequent
loading. Second, we subject the system to stress pulses of finite duration, and
therefore are able to observe elasto-plastic response during both loading and
unloading. We compute the final deformations and residual stresses produced by
these stress pulses. Looking toward more general applications of these results,
we examine the possibility of constructing a boundary-layer theory that might
be useful in less symmetric situations.Comment: 30 pages (preprint format), 9 figure
N=2 Supersymmetric Scalar-Tensor Couplings
We determine the general coupling of a system of scalars and antisymmetric
tensors, with at most two derivatives and undeformed gauge transformations, for
both rigid and local N=2 supersymmetry in four-dimensional spacetime. Our
results cover interactions of hyper, tensor and double-tensor multiplets and
apply among others to Calabi-Yau threefold compactifications of Type II
supergravities. As an example, we give the complete Lagrangian and
supersymmetry transformation rules of the double-tensor multiplet dual to the
universal hypermultiplet.Comment: 23 pages, LaTeX2e with amsmath.sty; v2: corrected typos and added
referenc
Productivity of various barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars under semi-arid conditions in southern Russia
ArticleDrought is a significant factor limiting crop production in arid conditions. In the dry
climatic weather situation of
southern Russia, ten
-
year laboratory trials and subsequent field
experiments were laid out on various barley varieties collected across the globe during 2007
–
2017 period. This study was conducted to ascertain from the collection of barley cultivars of the
entire world which one is best suited to stressful climatic conditions by being tolerant to drought,
heat and salinity which can be adopted for barley breeding. According to the results obtained, the
varieties that are tolerant to dry climatic conditions
are as follows: Alga (Lithuania), Brenda,
Henni (Germany), DĂ©cor (Great Britain),
Furat
5 (Syria), Vakula (Ukraine), Ataman (Belarus)
and Vladimir (Russia); heat resistant varieties are: Brenda (Germany), Alga (Lithuania),
Furat
5
(Syria), Ataman (Belarus)
, Vladimir and Ratnik (Russia); Salt
-
resistant varieties: Alga
(Lithuania), Henni (Germany) and Vladimir (Russia). The selected varieties did not show any
sign of adverse weather effect resulting in stable grain productivity throughout the entire duration
of this research over the years, they had large grain size and stable 1
,
000 grains weight. However,
the yield of selected cultivars varied over the years which was about 1.1
–
1.4
t
ha
-
1
- …