1,213 research outputs found
Vergleich der Therapieergebnisse zwischen konventionell fraktionierter und hypofraktionierter neoadjuvanter Radio(chemo)therapie bei Patienten mit einem Rektumkarzinom an der Klinik und Poliklinik fĂŒr Strahlentherapie Rostock zwischen 2004 und 2011
Das Rektumkarzinom ist in den fortgeschrittenen UICC-Stadien II-IV mit multimodalen Therapiekonzepten zu behandeln. Hinsichtlich der zu applizierenden neoadjuvanten Radio(chemo)therapie haben sich zwei differente Verfahren etabliert. Die neoadjuvante Kurzzeit-Radiotherapie und die neoadjuvante simultane Radiochemotherapie zeigen vergleichbare onkologische Ergebnisse. Wesentliche Prognosefaktoren sind neben anderen die primÀre Tumorausdehnung, der prÀtherapeutische HÀmoglobinwert und der prÀtherapeutische CEA-Wert. Die pCR wird lediglich mit einer neoadjuvanten Radiochemotherapie erzielt
Adaptive competence of Teleostei The Expedition ANTARKTIS XXI/2 (BENDEX) of RV "Polarstern" in 2003/2004
Dual targeting of a mature plastoglobulin/fibrillin fusion protein to chloroplast plastoglobules and thylakoids in transplastomic tobacco plants
Plastoglobules (PG) are lipid droplets in chloroplasts and other plastid types having important functions in lipid metabolism. Plastoglobulins (PGL) also known as fibrillins (FBN) are evolutionary conserved proteins present at the PG surface but also to various extents at the thylakoid membrane. PGLs are thought to have structural functions in PG formation and maintenance. The targeting of an Arabidopsis PGL (PGL34) to PG required the full protein sequence with the exception of a short C- terminal stretch. This indicated that PGL targeting relies on correct folding rather than a discrete sequence. PGLs lack strongly hydrophic regions and may therefore extrinsically associate with PG and thylakoid membranes via interaction with hydrophilic headgroups of surface lipids. Here, we report on the expression of the Arabidopsis plastoglobulin of 35kD (PGL35 or FBN1a) expressed as a mature protein fused to HIVp24 (human immunodeficiency virus capsid particle p24) or HCV (hepatitis C virus core protein) in transplastomic tobacco. A PGL35âHIVp24 fusion targeted in part to plastoglobules but a larger proportion was recovered in the thylakoid fraction. The findings indicate that transplastomic PGL35âHIVp24 folded correctly after its synthesis inside the chloroplast and then dually targeted to plastoglobules as well as thylakoid membranes
Discovery of very high energy gamma-rays from the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 with the MAGIC telescope
3C 279 is one of the best studied flat spectrum radio quasars located at a
comparatively large redshift of z = 0.536. Observations in the very high energy
band of such distant sources were impossible until recently due to the expected
steep energy spectrum and the strong gamma-ray attenuation by the extragalactic
background light photon field, which conspire to make the source visible only
with a low energy threshold. Here the detection of a significant gamma-ray
signal from 3C 279 at very high energies (E > 75 GeV) during a flare in early
2006 is reported. Implications of its energy spectrum on the current
understanding of the extragalactic background light and very high energy
gamma-ray emission mechanism models are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, submitted to proceedings of "4th Heidelberg
International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy 2008
Oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance: bridging ecology and physiology
Observations of climate impacts on ecosystems highlight the need for an understanding of organismal thermal ranges and their implications at the ecosystem level. Where changes in aquatic animal populations have been observed, the integrative concept of oxygen- and capacitylimited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) has successfully characterised the onset of thermal limits to performance and field abundance. The OCLTT concept addresses the molecular to whole-animal mechanisms that define thermal constraints on the capacity for oxygen supply to the organism in relation to oxygen demand. The resulting âtotal excess aerobic power budgetâ supports an animalâs performance (e.g. comprising motor activity, reproduction and growth) within an individualâs thermal range. The aerobic power budget is often approximated through measurements of aerobic scope for activity (i.e. the maximumdifference between resting and the highest exerciseinduced rate of oxygen consumption), whereas most animals in the field rely on lower (i.e. routine) modes of activity. At thermal limits, OCLTT also integrates protective mechanisms that extend time-limited tolerance to temperature extremes â mechanisms such as chaperones, anaerobic metabolism and antioxidative defence. Here, we briefly summarise the OCLTT concept and update it by addressing the role of routine metabolism.We highlight potential pitfalls in applying the concept and discuss the variables measured that led to the development ofOCLTT.We propose that OCLTTexplains why thermal vulnerability is highest at the whole-animal level and lowest at the molecular level. We also discuss how OCLTT captures the thermal constraints on the evolution of aquatic animal life and supports an understanding of the benefits of transitioning from water to land
On-Surface Carbon Nitride Growth from Polymerization of 2,5,8-Triazido-s-heptazine
Carbon nitrides have recently come into focus for photo- and thermal
catalysis, both as support materials for metal nanoparticles as well as
photocatalysts themselves. While many approaches for the synthesis of
three-dimensional carbon nitride materials are available, only top-down
approaches by exfoliation of powders lead to thin film flakes of this
inherently two-dimensional material. Here, we describe an in situ on-surface
synthesis of monolayer 2D carbon nitride films, as a first step towards precise
combination with other 2D materials. Starting with a single monomer precursor,
we show that 2,5,8-triazido-s-heptazine (TAH) can be evaporated intact,
deposited on a single crystalline Au(111) or graphite support, and activated
via azide decomposition and subsequent coupling to form a covalent
polyheptazine network. We demonstrate that the activation can occur in three
pathways, via electrons (X-ray illumination), photons (UV illumination) and
thermally. Our work paves the way to coat materials with extended carbon
nitride networks which are, as we show, stable under ambient conditions
Methane Adsorption and Methanol Desorption for Copper Modified Boron Silicate
Boron silicate (BS) with a chabazite framework structure was synthesised using a direct route and rigorously characterized before it was ion-exchanged with copper to form Cu-BS. Employing in situ infrared spectroscopy, we show that Cu-BS is capable of oxidising methane to methoxy species and methanol interacts with the boron sites without deprotonation
B-SOLANA: an approach for the analysis of two-base encoding bisulfite sequencing data
Summary: Bisulfite sequencing, a combination of bisulfite treatment and high-throughput sequencing, has proved to be a valuable method for measuring DNA methylation at single base resolution. Here, we present B-SOLANA, an approach for the analysis of two-base encoding (colorspace) bisulfite sequencing data on the SOLiD platform of Life Technologies. It includes the alignment of bisulfite sequences and the determination of methylation levels in CpG as well as non-CpG sequence contexts. B-SOLANA enables a fast and accurate analysis of large raw sequence datasets
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