Piezoelectric inkjet coating of injection moulded, reservoir-tipped microneedle arrays for transdermal delivery

Coated microneedles have significant potential for use in transdermal delivery applications. In this paper, we describe the fabrication of microneedle master templates using microstereolithography techniques and subsequently use a commercial injection moulding process to replicate these microneedles in biocompatible cyclic olefin polymer (COP) materials. Notably, the 475 μm-tall needle designs feature a shallow pit or reservoir at the tip, thereby providing both a target and holder for incoming droplets that are deposited using a piezoelectric inkjet printer. Using this design, no tilting or rotation of the needle array is required during the filling process. In the preliminary tests reported here, the reservoir is filled with a FITC-labelled dye that acts as a model drug, and ex vivo skin tests are used to verify skin penetration, the transfer of this model drug to the skin and to measure the reliability of the needles themselves. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such an inkjet-filled, reservoir-tipped microneedle has been demonstrated

Maryland Rules of Evidence With Objections

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Problems in Trial Advocacy

Problems in Trial Advocacy provides the subject matter for realistic courtroom simulations, and many of the problems are based on actual trials--both civil and criminal. Hands-on problems cover opening statements, direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses, introduction of exhibits, witness impeachment, and closing arguments. Many popular NITA problems and fact patterns are included and have been updated with current date references and many new and enhanced exhibits. A CD-ROM containing electronic copies of all the exhibits is included. These concise exercises give students the opportunity to learn quickly without having to memorize a full case file of facts.https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_books/1122/thumbnail.jp

Problems in Trial Advocacy

Problems in Trial Advocacy provides the subject matter for realistic courtroom simulations, and many of the problems are based on actual trials--both civil and criminal. Hands-on problems cover opening statements, direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses, introduction of exhibits, witness impeachment, and closing arguments. Many popular NITA problems and fact patterns are included and have been updated with current date references and many new and enhanced exhibits. A CD-ROM containing electronic copies of all the exhibits is included. These concise exercises give students the opportunity to learn quickly without having to memorize a full case file of facts.https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_books/1122/thumbnail.jp