Processing and Maintaining a Congressional Collection

The Congressional Papers Roundtable of the Society of American Archivists was organized in 1984 and in recent years has maintained a membership of approximately one hundred individual members representing sixty-five federal and government repositories and private institutions, large, medium, and small in size. In 1990/91, the roundtable conducted a survey of its non-federal government members in order to determine the kinds of institutions that actively were collecting congressional papers and. the levels of processing that were currently being conducted. Thirty-nine percent of the roundtable members responded. The survey dealt specifically with post-World War II congressional papers. This cut-off period was chosen in an effort to gauge the impact of copying and computer technology, which is represented in geometrically increasing bulk and impact on acquisition and processing. Rather the results , particularly in the area of description, illustrated a period of stagnation before the explosion of electronic means of description and access in the early 1990s

Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET

Tumor-derived exosomes are emerging mediators of tumorigenesis with tissue-specific addresses and messages. We explored the function of melanoma-derived exosomes in the formation of primary tumor and metastases in mouse and human subjects. Exosomes from highly metastatic melanoma increased the metastatic behavior of primary tumors by permanently “educating” bone marrow (BM) progenitors via the MET receptor. Melanoma-derived exosomes also induced vascular leakiness at pre-metastatic sites, and reprogrammed BM progenitors towards a c-Kit(+)Tie2(+)Met(+) pro-vasculogenic phenotype. Reducing Met expression in exosomes diminished the pro-metastatic behavior of BM cells. Importantly, MET expression was elevated in circulating CD45(−)C-KIT(low/+)TIE2(+) BM progenitors from metastatic melanoma subjects. RAB1a, RAB5b, RAB7, and RAB27a were highly expressed in melanoma cells and Rab27a RNA interference decreased exosome production, preventing BM education, tumor growth and metastasis. Finally, we identified an exosome-specific “melanoma signature” with prognostic and therapeutic potential, comprised of TYRP2, VLA-4, HSP70, an HSP90 isoform and the MET oncoprotein