Психомоторные нарушения у экспериментальных животных при описторхозе

The purpose of the research is to study adaptative and neurological onsets in the behavior of animals infected by Opisthorchis felineus. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on 10 buck rabbits orally infected by metacercariae O. felineus in a dose of 50 specimen per one animal. 9 health breeding stock animals were the control. Infection was confirmed by laboratory research of feces after 1.5 months with the detection of trematode ootids. The research of psychomotor reactions – somatosensorial, visile (photic), sound with evaluation of general animal reaction, their behavior and response of organs of senses was conducted after 4 months.Results and discussion. Aggressively-destructive disorders were established in the primary reaction to contact, in which the two-phase behavior is established, a short phase of aggression, alternating with a long inhibitory phase. Anxiety state showing in disorientation of movements, head turning in combination with the reaction of exclusion has been established in infected animals. Disorientation, active motor behavior similar to attack (aggression), ears pressing was noted when applying photic stimuli. Absence of forced squeezing, the reaction of the third eyelid was observed when taking into account reactions of eye assist device on photic stimulus. Absence of suspension reaction, anxiety was established under exposer of sound stimuli in animals, presence of loginess and absence of the reaction. Thus, psychomotor disorders apparently associated with toxic hepatic encephalopathy and general subcompensated dysfunction of the nervous system was noted in the cases of opisthorchosis after 4 months.Цель исследований: изучить адаптационно-неврологические проявления в поведении животных, зараженных Opisthochisfelineus.Материалы и методы. Исследования проводили на 10 кроликах-самцах, инвазированных перорально метацеркариями O. felineus в дозе по 50 экз. на одну особь. Контроль составили 9 здоровых животных маточного поголовья. Зараженность подтверждали лабораторными исследования фекалий через 1,5 мес. с обнаружением яиц трематод. Через 4 мес. проводили исследования психомоторных реакций – соматосенсорные, зрительные (световые), звуковые с оценкой общей реакции животных, их поведения и ответной реакции органов чувств.Результаты и обсуждение. Установлены агрессивно-деструктивные расстройства при первичной реакции на контакт, в которой установлена двухфазность поведения, короткая фаза агрессии, чередующаяся с длительной фазой торможения. У зараженных животных установлено состояние беспокойства, проявляемое в дезориентации движений, вращении головой в сочетании с реакцией отстранения. При применении световых раздражителей отмечали дезориентацию, активное двигательное поведение, напоминающее нападение (агрессия), прижимание ушей. При учете реакции вспомогательного аппарата глаза на световой раздражитель наблюдали отсутствие форсированного зажмуривания, реакции третьего века. При воздействии звуковых раздражителей у животных установлено отсутствие реакции отстранения, беспокойства, присутствовала заторможенность и отсутствие реакции. Таким образом, при описторхозе через 4 мес. отмечали психомоторные нарушения, связанные, по-видимому, с токсической печеночной энцефалопатией и общей субкомпенсированной дисфункцией нервной системы

КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОСТРОГО ОПИСТОРХОЗА У КРОЛИКОВ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ

Objective of research: to investigate the clinical features of acute opisthorchiasis in rabbits.Materials and methods: Clinical evidence of acute opisthorchiasis in rabbits, laboratory blood tests.Results and discussion: Skin lesions in the form of cracks and ulcers of various sizes in the neck, thoracic back and croup, mostly localized along the spine, were clinically identified in acute opisthorchiasis of rabbits. Weight loss within the first month was up to 300 –500 grams. Laboratory tests showed that one month later, the level of blood glucose in the infected animals was 3 times higher than in controls. Compared with the controls, a reduced number of red blood cells and hemoglobin level in animals of the experimental group was observed, leukopenia was determined. The blood coagulation time was significantly accelerated.Цель работы – изучить клинические особенности протекания острого описторхоза у кроликов.Материалы и методы. Клинические данные острого описторхоза у кроликов, лабораторные исследования крови.Результаты и обсуждение. При остром описторхозе у кроликов клинически были выделены кожные поражения, проявлявшиеся в виде трещин и язв разных размеров, расположенных в области затылка, грудной части спины и крупа, в основном, локализованные вдоль позвоночника. Потеря веса составила за первый месяц до 300 – 500 грамм. При лабораторном исследовании через один месяц в крови зараженных животных уровень глюкозы превышал контроль в три раза. По сравнению с контролем у опытной группы было снижено количество эритроцитов и гемоглобина, отмечали лейкопению. Существенно ускорялось время свертывания крови

Адаптация взаимоотношений в системе «паразит–хозяин» при паразитировании Paramphistomum cervi в тонком кишечнике овец

The purpose of the research is studying microstructural changes in the process of adaptation of components during the formation of the “parasite–host” system by the example of Paramphistomum cervi (Zeder, 1790) parasitizing in the small intestine of spontaneously infected sheep.Materials and methods. Peculiarities of changes in the microstructure of the small intestine in the “parasite–host” system were studied using parasitization of P. cervi in the intestines of sheep using well-known histological methods. Pieces of tissue of the small intestine of sheep with P. cervi, after being preserved in 70% alcohol, were processed according to the generally accepted histological procedure and embedded in paraffin. Sections 5–7 μm in thickness were stained with histological stains and examined under a light microscope.Results and discussion. Microstructural analysis of the characteristics of the relationship in the "parasite–host" system showed that the mucous membrane of the small intestine of sheep in the presence of P. cervi looks sharply thickened. Swelling of the epithelium of villi and crypts, its vacuolization and albuminoid degeneration were found. In some places, proliferation of the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane was detected, due to which epithelial hyperplasia is observed, in some cases turning into metaplasia. Proliferation and hyperplasia (metaplasia) in the endostation of the host in the presence of the parasite contribute to: 1. stability of the parasite-host system and the participation of trematodes in trophism; 2. determination of the clinical and morphological picture of trematodose; 3. predicting the effects of this pathology on the host. Adhesion in the microstructural complex “trematode tegument – epithelial tissue of the villi of the small intestine” in ovine paramphistomosis at the contact level of two glycocalyx layers – the tegument of P. cervi and the surface of the epithelial cells of the villi of the host’s intestine, as well as single histological staining of the sites of contact between the parasite and the host as a result of mixing the components of the trematode tegument and the tissue of the host’s small intestine with deep adhesion indicate the established mutual relations between the components of a single system "parasite–host".Цель исследований: изучить микроструктурные изменения в процессе адаптации компонентов при формировании системы «паразит–хозяин» на примере паразитирования Paramphistomum cervi в тонком кишечнике спонтанно инвазированных овец.Материалы и методы. Особенности изменений микроструктуры тонкой кишки в системе «паразит–хозяин» на примере паразитирования P. cervi в кишечнике овец изучали при использовании общеизвестных гистологических методов. Кусочки ткани тонкой кишки овец с P. cervi (Zeder, 1790) после фиксации в 70%-ном спирте обрабатывали по общепринятой гистологической методике и заливали в парафин. Срезы толщиной 5–7 мкм окрашивали гистологическими красителями и изучали в световом микроскопе.Результаты и обсуждение. Микроструктурный анализ особенностей взаимоотношения в системе «паразит–хозяин» показал, что слизистая оболочка тонкой кишки овец в присутствии P. cervi выглядит резко утолщённой. Обнаружено набухание эпителия ворсинок и крипт, его вакуолизация и зернистая дистрофия. Местами выявлена пролиферация эпителиального пласта слизистой оболочки, за счет чего наблюдается гиперплазия эпителия, в некоторых случаях переходящая в метаплазию. Пролиферация и гиперплазия (метаплазия) в эндостации хозяина в присутствии паразита способствуют: 1. стабильности паразито-хозяинной системы и участию в трофике трематод; 2. определению клинико-морфологической картины трематодоза; 3. прогнозированию последствий данной патологии для хозяина. Адгезия в микроструктурном комплексе «тегумент трематод – эпителиальная ткань ворсинки тонкой кишки» при парамфистомозе овец на уровне контакта двух гликокаликсных слоёв – тегумента P. cervi и поверхности эпителиальных клеток ворсинок кишечника хозяина, а также единое окрашивание гистологическими методами участков контакта паразита и хозяина в результате смешивания компонентов тегумента трематод и ткани тонкой кишки хозяина при глубокой адгезии, указывает на состоявшиеся взаимные отношения между компонентами единой системы «паразит–хозяин»

Psychomotor Impairments in Experimental Animals in the Cases of Opisthorchosis

The purpose of the research is to study adaptative and neurological onsets in the behavior of animals infected by Opisthorchis felineus. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on 10 buck rabbits orally infected by metacercariae O. felineus in a dose of 50 specimen per one animal. 9 health breeding stock animals were the control. Infection was confirmed by laboratory research of feces after 1.5 months with the detection of trematode ootids. The research of psychomotor reactions – somatosensorial, visile (photic), sound with evaluation of general animal reaction, their behavior and response of organs of senses was conducted after 4 months.Results and discussion. Aggressively-destructive disorders were established in the primary reaction to contact, in which the two-phase behavior is established, a short phase of aggression, alternating with a long inhibitory phase. Anxiety state showing in disorientation of movements, head turning in combination with the reaction of exclusion has been established in infected animals. Disorientation, active motor behavior similar to attack (aggression), ears pressing was noted when applying photic stimuli. Absence of forced squeezing, the reaction of the third eyelid was observed when taking into account reactions of eye assist device on photic stimulus. Absence of suspension reaction, anxiety was established under exposer of sound stimuli in animals, presence of loginess and absence of the reaction. Thus, psychomotor disorders apparently associated with toxic hepatic encephalopathy and general subcompensated dysfunction of the nervous system was noted in the cases of opisthorchosis after 4 months

CLINICAL ASPECTS OF ACUTE OPISTHORCHIASIS IN RABBITS IN THE EXPERIMENT

Objective of research: to investigate the clinical features of acute opisthorchiasis in rabbits.Materials and methods: Clinical evidence of acute opisthorchiasis in rabbits, laboratory blood tests.Results and discussion: Skin lesions in the form of cracks and ulcers of various sizes in the neck, thoracic back and croup, mostly localized along the spine, were clinically identified in acute opisthorchiasis of rabbits. Weight loss within the first month was up to 300 –500 grams. Laboratory tests showed that one month later, the level of blood glucose in the infected animals was 3 times higher than in controls. Compared with the controls, a reduced number of red blood cells and hemoglobin level in animals of the experimental group was observed, leukopenia was determined. The blood coagulation time was significantly accelerated

Adaptation of the Relationship in the "Parasite–Host" System with Parasitism <i>Paramphistomum сervi</i> in the Small Intestine of Sheeps

The purpose of the research is studying microstructural changes in the process of adaptation of components during the formation of the “parasite–host” system by the example of Paramphistomum cervi (Zeder, 1790) parasitizing in the small intestine of spontaneously infected sheep.Materials and methods. Peculiarities of changes in the microstructure of the small intestine in the “parasite–host” system were studied using parasitization of P. cervi in the intestines of sheep using well-known histological methods. Pieces of tissue of the small intestine of sheep with P. cervi, after being preserved in 70% alcohol, were processed according to the generally accepted histological procedure and embedded in paraffin. Sections 5–7 μm in thickness were stained with histological stains and examined under a light microscope.Results and discussion. Microstructural analysis of the characteristics of the relationship in the "parasite–host" system showed that the mucous membrane of the small intestine of sheep in the presence of P. cervi looks sharply thickened. Swelling of the epithelium of villi and crypts, its vacuolization and albuminoid degeneration were found. In some places, proliferation of the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane was detected, due to which epithelial hyperplasia is observed, in some cases turning into metaplasia. Proliferation and hyperplasia (metaplasia) in the endostation of the host in the presence of the parasite contribute to: 1. stability of the parasite-host system and the participation of trematodes in trophism; 2. determination of the clinical and morphological picture of trematodose; 3. predicting the effects of this pathology on the host. Adhesion in the microstructural complex “trematode tegument – epithelial tissue of the villi of the small intestine” in ovine paramphistomosis at the contact level of two glycocalyx layers – the tegument of P. cervi and the surface of the epithelial cells of the villi of the host’s intestine, as well as single histological staining of the sites of contact between the parasite and the host as a result of mixing the components of the trematode tegument and the tissue of the host’s small intestine with deep adhesion indicate the established mutual relations between the components of a single system "parasite–host"