ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ СУЛЬФАТА НАТРИЯ В СИЛИКАТНЫХ РАСПЛАВАХ

Knowledge on sodium sulfate behavior in the silicate melts at the different synthesis conditions as a promising component of the batch for the production of hollow glass microspheres was extended.Приведены результаты исследования поведения сульфата натрия в силикатных расплавах при различных усло­виях синтеза как перспективного компонента шихты для получения полых стеклянных микросфер

Modeling the impact of University students research work on the results of their final certification

The problem of the quality of education is formulated as the central problem of the educational process of the higher education institution. It is emphasized that the final certification is an integral indicator that takes into account all the knowledge and skills acquired during the period of study in various disciplines and other "activities", one of which research work of students (NIRS) is. The task of predicting the influence of students' research activities on the results of their final certification is formulated. Methods of linear multifactor regression and artificial neural networks as a possible mathematical toolkit for predicting are described. It is shown that the best predicting result is provided by the method of artificial neural networks with a perceptron architecture with 8 input factors and two hidden layers with 5 neurons in each. It is indicated that the proposed approach to predicting can be applied when planning the department’s activities, for example, when correcting the curriculum of specialties, syllabuses of scientific disciplines, while adjusting the department’s management strategy regarding the interaction of students with academic supervisors

Genetic determinants of the development and course of membranous nephropathy

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults and is classified as either primary (idiopatic) or secondary MN according to underlying etiology (the later result from some known disease such as systemic autoimmune diseases, infections, malignancies, drugs, etc). In recent years, phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) were identified as two major podocytic antigens involved in the pathogenesis of idiopatic MN (IMN). And the discovery of circulating antibodies specific for these target antigens has transformed the diagnostic workup and significally improved management of IMN. However why do such antibodies develop is not conclusively established. The role of underlying genetic factors is discussed. The review presents the results of recent studies, that have shown significant associations of specific genetic factors (particularly human leucocyte antigen class II and PLA2R1 genes) with IMN

Identification of risk zones according to the rate of total mortality and lifestyle factors at the regional level

The aim of the work was to identify the risk zones according to the level of total mortality rates of the population of municipalities of the Irkutsk region and the relationship of the index with lifestyle factors.Цель работы − выявить зоны риска по уровню коэффициентов общей смертности населения муниципальных образований Иркутской области и связь показателя с факторами образа жизни

Therapeutic complement targeting in ANCA-associated vasculitides and thrombotic microangiopathy

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAVs) are a group of systemic autoimmune disorders characterized by necrotizing inflammation of medium-to-small vessels, a relative paucity of immune deposits, and an association with detectable circulating ANCAs. AAVs include granulomatosis with polyangiitis (renamed from Wegener's granulomatosis), microscopic polyangiitis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Until recently, AAVs have not been viewed as complement-mediated disorders. However, recent findings predominantly from animal studies demonstrated a crucial role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of AAVs. Complement activation or defects in its regulation have been described in an increasing number of acquired or genetically driven forms of thrombotic microangiopathy. Coinciding with this expanding spectrum of complement-mediated diseases, the question arises as to which AAV patients might benefit from a complement-targeted therapy. Therapies directed against the complement system point to the necessity of a genetic workup of genes of complement components and regulators in patients with AAV. Genetic testing together with pluripotent stem cells and bioinformatics tools may broaden our approach to the treatment of patients with aggressive forms of AAV

Nephrological aspects of surgical weight correction in morbid obesity

Obesity, including morbid obesity, is a growing worldwide problem. The adverse effect of obesity on the kidneys is associated with the development of comorbid conditions, such as insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MS), diabetes mellitus (DM), arterial hypertension (AH), which are the recognized risk factors of chronic kidney disease (СKD). Obesity also causes direct kidney damage with the development of non-immune focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The leading pathophysiological mechanisms of kidney damage in obesity are intrarenal hemodynamic disorders with the formation of hyperfiltration and damaging effects of adipokines produced by adipose tissue. Bariatric surgery (BS) has taken a leading position in the treatment of morbid obesity, demonstrating its effectiveness not only in long-term weight loss, but also in the correction of IR, MS, DM, AH. Nephroprotective effect of significant and persistent weight loss is caused by the elimination of hyperfiltration and damaging effect of adipokines. Results of the observational studies of the immediate and long-term effects of BS have demonstrated positive renal outcomes, in particular, the decrease in albuminuria/proteinuria, the improvement or stabilization of glomerular filtration rate, the delay of end-stage renal failure development; surgical correction of body weight in dialysis patients with morbid obesity lets them realize subsequent kidney transplantation. Large, randomized prospective studies with a longer follow-up are needed; analysis of the long-term renal consequences of BS in obesity patients with pre-existing renal impairment, including dialysis patients, is required; stratification of the BS risk of renal complications (acute kidney damage, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis) and effective strategy for managing these risks need to be developed

Синтез, анальгетична та протизапальна активність похідних 3-(гет)арил-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагідро-5Н-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепін-3-іл)акрилонітрилу

Aim. To synthesize, prove the structure and study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of 3-(het)-aryl-2-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)acrylonitrile derivatives.Results and discussion. Condensation of 2-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-7H-azepine with cyanoacetic acid hydrazide leads to formation of 2-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)acetonitrile. The latter readily reacts with the corresponding (het)arenecarbaldehydes in refluxing ethanol in the presence of catalytic amount of piperidine yielding a series of new 3-(het)aryl-2-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)acrylonitrile derivatives. Further functionalization of 3-(4-hydroxy-3-R-phenyl)-2-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)acrylonitriles has been done by modification of the OH group. One of the compounds synthesized, namely 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)acrylonitrile, exhibits a high level of the analgesic activity on the “hot plate” model, and a similar level of the activity on the model of “acetic acid-induced writhings” as compared to ketorolac. The results obtained indicate the pronounced antinociceptive activity for the test compound.Experimental part. 1H NMR spectra of the compounds synthesized were recorded on a Bruker VXR-300 spectrometer (Germany) operating at a frequency of 299.945 MHz, in DMSO-d6, using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. Melting points were measured using a RNMK 05 device (VEB Analytik,Dresden). The elemental analysis was performed on a EuroEA 3000 elemental analyzer. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)acrylonitrile were determined using models of “carrageenan induced paw edema”, ”hot plate” and “acetic acid-induced writhings”, and compared to the reference drug ketorolac.Conclusions. A series of new 3-(het)aryl-2-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)acrylonitrile derivatives can be easily synthesized by the interaction of 2-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)acetonitrile with (het)arenecarbaldehydes. The hydroxy group in 3-(4-hydroxy-3-R-phenyl)-2-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)acrylonitriles can be modified to obtain phenyl esters of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids. The high level of the analgesic activity for 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)acrylonitrile has been determined.Received: 30.01.2020Revised: 17.05.2020Accepted: 29.05.2020Цель. Синтезировать, доказать структуру и исследовать анальгетическую и противовоспалительную активность производных 3-(гет)арил-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагидро-5Н-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепин-3-ил)акрилонитрила.Результаты и их обсуждение. Конденсация 2-метокси-3,4,5,6-тетрагидро-7H-азепина с гидразидом циануксусной кислоты приводит к образованию 2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагидро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепин-3-ил)ацетонитрила. Последний легко реагирует с соответствующими (гет)аренкарбальдегидами в присутствии каталитического количества пиперидина в среде кипящего этанола с образованием серии новых производных 3-(гет)арил-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагидро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепин-3-ил)акрилонитрила. Дальнейшая функционализация 3-(4-гидрокси-3-R-фенил)-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагидро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепин-3-ил)акрилонитрилов была проведена путем модификации OH-группы. Одно из синтезированных соединений – 3-(4-гидроксифенил)-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагидро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепин-3-ил)акрилонитрил проявляет высокий уровень анальгетической активности на модели «горячей пластинки» и сравнимый с кеторолаком уровень анальгетической активности на модели «уксуснокислых корчей». Полученные результаты определенно указывают на выраженную антиноцицептивную активность данного соединения.Экспериментальная часть. 1H ЯМР-спектры синтезированных соединений были записаны на спектрометре Bruker VXR-300 (Германия), рабочая частота – 299,945 MГц, в ДМСО-d6, с использованием тетраметилсилана (TMS) в качестве внутреннего стандарта. Температуры плавления измеряли с помощью устройства RNMK 05 (VEB Analytik, Дрезден). Элементный анализ выполняли на элементном анализаторе EuroEA 3000. Анальгетическую и противовоспалительную активность 3-(4-гидроксифенил)-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагидро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепин-3-ил)акрилонитрила исследовали на моделях «карагенин-индуцированного отека», «горячей пластинки» и «уксуснокислых корчей», препарат сравнения – кеторолак.Выводы. Серия новых производных 3-(гет)арил-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагидро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепин-3-ил)акрилонитрила может быть легко синтезирована взаимодействием 2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагидро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепин-3-ил)ацетонитрила с (гет)аренкарбальдегидами. Гидроксигруппа в 3-(4-гидрокси-3-R-фенил)-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагидро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепин-3-ил)акрилонитрилах может быть модифицирована с образованием фениловых эфиров алифатических и ароматических карбоновых кислот. Установлен высокий уровень анальгетической активности для 3-(4-гидроксифенил)-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагидро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепин-3-ил)акрилонитрила.Received: 30.01.2020Revised: 17.05.2020Accepted: 29.05.2020Мета. Синтезувати, довести структуру і дослідити анальгетичну та протизапальну активність похідних 3-(гет)арил-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагідро-5Н-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепін-3-іл)акрилонітрилу.Результати та їх обговорення. Конденсація 2-метокси-3,4,5,6-тетрагідро-7H-азепіну з гідразидом ціанооцтової кислоти приводить до утворення 2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагідро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепін-3-іл)ацетонітрилу. Останній легко реагує з відповідними (гет)аренкарбальдегідами у присутності каталітичної кількості піперидину у середовищі киплячого етанолу з утворенням серії нових похідних 3-(гет)арил-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагідро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепін-3-іл)акрилонітрилу. Подальшу функціоналізацію 3-(4-гідрокси-3-R-феніл)-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагідро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепін-3-іл)акрилонітрилів було проведено шляхом модифікації OH-групи. Одна із синтезованих сполук – 3-(4-гідроксифеніл)-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагідро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепін-3-іл)акрилонітрил виявляє високий рівень анальгетичної активності на моделі «гарячої пластинки» та близький до кеторолаку рівень анальгетичної активності на моделі «оцтовокислих корчів». Одержані результати чітко вказують на виражену антиноцицептивну активність цієї сполуки.Експериментальна частина. 1H ЯМР-спектри синтезованих сполук було записано на спектрометрі Bruker VXR-300 (Німеччина), робоча частота – 299,945 MГц, в ДМСО-d6, з використанням тетраметилсилану (TMS) як внутрішнього стандарту. Температури плавлення вимірювали за допомогою пристрою RNMK 05 (VEB Analytik, Дрезден). Елементний аналіз виконували на елементному аналізаторі EuroEA 3000. Анальгетичну та протизапальну активність 3-(4-гідроксифеніл)-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагідро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепін-3-іл)акрилонітрилу досліджували на моделях «карагенін-індукованого набряку», «гарячої пластинки» та «оцтовокислих корчів», препарат порівняння – кеторолак.Висновки. Серія нових похідних 3-(гет)арил-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагідро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепін-3-іл)акрилонітрилу може бути легко синтезована взаємодією 2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагідро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепін-3-іл)ацетонітрилу з (гет)аренкарбальдегідами. Гідроксигрупа у 3-(4-гідрокси-3-R-феніл)-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагідро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепін-3-іл)акрилонітрилах може бути модифікована з утворенням фенілових естерів аліфатичних та ароматичних карбонових кислот. Встановлено високий рівень анальгетичної активності для 3-(4-гідроксифеніл)-2-(6,7,8,9-тетрагідро-5H-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-a]азепін-3-іл)акрилонітрилу.Received: 30.01.2020Revised: 17.05.2020Accepted: 29.05.202

Josephson Current in S-FIF-S Junctions: Nonmonotonic Dependence on Misorientation Angle

Spectra and spin structures of Andreev interface states in S-FIF-S junctions are investigated with emphasis on finite transparency and misorientation angle between in-plane magnetizations of ferromagnetic layers in a three-layer interface. It is demonstrated that the Josephson current in S-FIF-S quantum point contacts can exhibit a nonmonotonic dependence on the misorientation angle. The characteristic behavior takes place, if the pi-state is the equilibrium state of the junction in the particular case of parallel magnetizations.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure