An Audit of Tourism and Hospitality-related Qualifications in Universities of Technology in South Africa

A website audit of tourism and hospitality qualifications in Universities of Technology in South Africa is undertaken to examine the extent and nature of tourism and hospitality-related training, including focusing on practical skills and work integrated learning (WIL) components, and integration of research training. The audit of training qualifications/ programmes at the six Universities of Technology (UoTs) in South Africa was undertaken during 2021 and information extracted was analysed thematically. The UoTs offer 60 tourism and hospitality qualifications, ranging from higher certificates to doctoral degrees, with more than 450 modules encompassing themes linked to tourism generally, hospitality management, and specific types of tourism. The UoTs had WIL in some of the qualifications and five had research training. The higher education sector needs to be responsive to the diverse and changing needs and demands of the tourism and hospitality sector, including professional training. Recommendations include undertaking research on student enrolment and graduate trends, and revising curricula and types of training. This study complements existing knowledge on skills and training in this field, given limited research in this area. The focus on UoTs is valuable since these institutions focus on practical/ technological skills that align with the tourism sector’s needs

Mega-events and tourism impacts : foreign visitor perceptions of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa.

There are several impacts of hosting events that relate to economic and social development aspects. South Africa has used sport tourism to promote the country as a major sports events destination. Research on mega-events tends to focus on economic impacts, including tourism effects. Very few, however, examine visitor perceptions of the event to establish experiences and concerns. This article examines the positive and negative relationships between tourism and the hosting of mega-events with a special focus on the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Africa’s first mega-event. Additionally, visitor perceptions derived from interviews undertaken with 4 814 foreign tourists during the World Cup are examined. The results reveal that foreign visitors generally enjoyed their stay in South Africa and perceived the country as a good tourism destination. The article concludes that tourism outcomes related to the hosting of mega-events need to be planned, particularly if more widespread benefits are to be realised within the tourism industry and in local communities. In particular, the positive experiences and images of South Africa as a result of the World Cup should be integrated into an appropriate destination marketing strategy

Tourism Potential, Economic Impacts and Implications in Marginalised Areas in Ndwedwe Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

 Rural development is a focus of development initiatives in South Africa and the role of tourism in this regard is highlighted. Ndwedwe Local Municipality, one of KwaZulu-Natal’s poorest Municipalities, has a primary node (Ndwedwe Town) surrounded by rural areas that lack basic infrastructure and services. The Municipality has substantial cultural and agricultural assets and natural resources and its’ Integrated Development Plan recognises its tourism potential but focuses on development around Ndwedwe Town with agricultural development being the focus in peripheral areas. This study examines the tourism potential and economic impacts within marginalised rural areas outside Ndwedwe Town. Community perceptions on development opportunities and challenges in relation to tourism development are probed via a quantitative survey approach. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 164 randomly chosen households. The study unpacked the profile of respondents and households (relating these to how well individuals and households are positioned to benefit from tourism opportunities), current participation in tourism, skill levels and willingness to participate in tourism. Tourism potential in these areas is also discussed in the context of current infrastructure and services. The results reveal that while very few households currently participate in tourism-related activities, there was a desire to increase household participation. Limited tourism products (although potential exists in relation to natural resources available, cultural assets and agricultural activities), inadequate infrastructure and services (associated with challenging undulating topography) and limited marketing opportunities undermine the development of rural tourism in the area. Addressing these challenges and inadequacies can ensure viable and sustainable tourism development

Methodological Challenges in Assessing the Economic Impacts of Coastal and Marine Tourism in South Africa: Reflections from a Piloting Project

Coastal and Marine Tourism (CMT), as part of the oceans economy, offers significant development opportunities that can contribute to job creation and sustainability. However, there are limited national and international best practices to assess the economic impacts of CMT. The aim of this study was to reflect on experiences from a piloting exercise that was undertaken to inform the development of a framework to assess the economic contribution of CMT to South Africa’s tourism sector. Previous studies, focus on contextualising Operation Phakisa, examining CMT globally and in South Africa, and highlighting economic contributions identified in selected CMT case studies (including the economic models generally used). Drawing on the review of existing studies as well as discussions with key economic experts, a framework for a pilot study to assess the economic impacts of CMT in South Africa was developed. Supply (coastal and marine tourism business owners, accommodation establishments, tour operators and restaurants and retail outlets) and demand (clients/ tourists/ users) side data collection surveys were piloted. The reflections and experiences from the piloting reveal challenges such as the unwillingness of supply side stakeholders to participate, lack of access to locations to undertake research, inability to access databases with contact details of supply side stakeholders, lengthy surveys and quality of information in relation to specific questions. The implications of the piloting is that the Input-Output model and Tourism Satellite Account is the most appropriate economic approach for the South African context. The value of this article is that it is important to focus on demand side data collection and ensure streamlined data collection tools and processes

Economic Impacts of the Touring Ventures Sub-category of the Mzanzi Golden Economy Programme in South Africa

The Mzansi Golden Economy (MGE) began in 2011 in response to the Department of Arts and Culture’s assertion that the biggest challenge facing South Africa is unemployment and the arts, culture and heritage sector is well positioned to contribute to addressing this challenge as the ‘new gold’ has the potential to increase economic growth and create jobs in South Africa. However, limited research empirically examines the economic impacts of this sector. The aim of this study is to investigate the economic impacts of Touring Ventures supported by the MGE programme during the past three years. Challenges in undertaking economic assessments are also noted. The methodological approach was interviews with 38 purposively chosen Touring Ventures. Data was analysed in relation to employment and job creation, amongst other economic aspects. The results indicate that there is a high reliance on public funding. There are a number of new entrants to the sector which suggests that the MGE is creating opportunities for more cultural events/ activities to be held in South Africa, contributing to the objective of supporting the arts. There is also job creation linked to Touring Ventures, albeit mostly temporary. However, historically disadvantaged groups and locals are benefitting which provides opportunities for livelihoods and skills development.  The implication of the study is that the economic potential of Touring Ventures is evident, however, there are sustainability concerns. This type of study is important given that public funds are used to support the arts and cultural sector in South Africa

The African sport fan and a mega-event: implications for the Durban 2022 Commonwealth Games in South Africa

The purpose of this article is to profile African sport fans in relation to the hosting of mega and largescale events. The aim is to determine their profiles, participation and challenges experienced with a view to inform the hosting of future events such as the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Durban, South Africa. A quantitative methodological approach within a case study design was undertaken in two case study countries (Cameroon and Nigeria). Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 771 soccer fans across both study areas. The findings reveal African fans to be fairly young male and well educated but earning a low income. The data also showed their level of attendance at mega-events was quite low owing to the high level of costs associated with travelling and purchasing tickets for the event. The article recommends the need for the 2022 Commonwealth Games organisers to take cognisance of such challenges when implementing pricing and ticketing strategies. Maximising African fans’ participation at future events will require robust thinking in relation to the pricing involved in terms of travel and game tickets

Economic impacts of the touring ventures sub-category of the Mzanzi Golden Economy Programme in South Africa

Abstract: Abstract: The Mzansi Golden Economy (MGE) began in 2011 in response to the Department of Arts and Culture’s assertion that the biggest challenge facing South Africa is unemployment and the arts, culture and heritage sector is well positioned to contribute to addressing this challenge as the “new gold” has the potential to increase economic growth and create jobs in South Africa. However, limited research empirically examines the economic impacts of this sector. The aim of this study is to investigate the economic impacts of Touring Ventures supported by the MGE programme during the past three years. Challenges in undertaking economic assessments are also noted. The methodological approach was interviews with 38 purposively chosen Touring Ventures. Data was analysed in relation to employment and job creation, amongst other economic aspects. The results indicate that there is a high reliance on public funding. There are a number of new entrants to the sector which suggests that the MGE is creating opportunities for more cultural events/ activities to be held in South Africa, contributing to the objective of supporting the arts. There is also job creation linked to Touring Ventures, albeit mostly temporary. However, historically disadvantaged groups and locals are benefitting which provides opportunities for livelihoods and skills development. The implication of the study is that the economic potential of Touring Ventures is evident, however, there are sustainability concerns. This type of study is important given that public funds are used to support the arts and cultural sector in South Africa

Methodological challenges in assessing the economic impacts of Coastal and Marine Tourism in South Africa : reflections from a piloting project

Abstract: Coastal and Marine Tourism (CMT), as part of the oceans economy, offers significant development opportunities that can contribute to job creation and sustainability. However, there are limited national and international best practices to assess the economic impacts of CMT. The aim of this study was to reflect on experiences from a piloting exercise that was undertaken to inform the development of a framework to assess the economic contribution of CMT to South Africa’s tourism sector. Previous studies, focus on contextualising Operation Phakisa, examining CMT globally and in South Africa, and highlighting economic contributions identified in selected CMT case studies (including the economic models generally used). Drawing on the review of existing studies as well as discussions with key economic experts, a framework for a pilot study to assess the economic impacts of CMT in South Africa was developed. Supply (coastal and marine tourism business owners, accommodation establishments, tour operators and restaurants and retail outlets) and demand (clients/ tourists/ users) side data collection surveys were piloted. The reflections and experiences from the piloting reveal challenges such as the unwillingness of supply side stakeholders to participate, lack of access to locations to undertake research, inability to access databases with contact details of supply side stakeholders, lengthy surveys and quality of information in relation to specific questions. The implications of the piloting is that the Input-Output model and Tourism Satellite Account is the most appropriate economic approach for the South African context. The value of this article is that it is important to focus on demand side data collection and ensure streamlined data collection tools and processes

Profiling and examining travel patterns pertaining to domestic tourism in Lesotho

Abstract: While some studies have examined aspects of tourism in Lesotho, there is limited research examining domestic tourist profiles and travel patterns, crucial to unlocking Lesotho’s domestic tourism potential. There is a need for such research to enable the development of appropriate tourism products and strategies. This study then critically examines results from a household survey that was undertaken in Lesotho to assess domestic tourists’ profiles, travel patterns, main motivations, and tourism products or services. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in 1 210 households across all administrative districts of Lesotho using a proportionate sampling approach. Within each District, a systematic sampling approach was adopted to minimise bias. Lesotho has several tourism products such as cultural and heritage sites, nature-based destinations and unique leisure experiences. Pre COVID-19 levels of domestic tourism and travel were relatively high. The study found that several socio-economic factors influence the willingness and ability of households to consume domestic tourism products. It is concluded that domestic tourism in Lesotho can be improved with better, more appropriate communication and marketing strategies, as well as an upgraded transport infrastructure and tourism services

Abkürzungsverzeichnis

Sport – insbesondere der Hochleistungssport – ist ein Faszinosum, das als Plattform für gesellschaftliche Anliegen genutzt wird. Hierauf gründen die unterschiedlichen Interessen am aktiven und passiven Sport und das staatliche Interesse am Spitzensport. In den meisten Ländern ist der Spitzensport nationales Anliegen: So bilden Staaten in nationalen Trainingszentren ihre Athleten aus, unterstützen ihre Sportverbände bei internationalen Wettbewerben oder fördern Bewerbungen für Sportgroßveranstaltungen. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes geben einen fundierten Einblick in die Organisation des Hochleistungssports und zeigen die unterschiedlichen Wege ausgewählter Staaten auf.Sport - in particular high-performance sport - is a fascination that is used as a platform for societal concerns. This is the base for different interests in active and passive sports and the state\u27s interest in top-class sport. In most countries, top-class sport is a national concern: states train their athletes in national training centres, support their sports associations in international competitions or promote applications for major sporting events. The articles in this volume provide a well-founded insight into the organisation of high-performance sport and show the different paths of selected countries