Calidad sensorial de productos cárnicos funcionales. Percepción por los consumidores e influencia de su composición

A medallion of chicken meat supplemented ω3 fatty acids, oat bran, low sodium content, by cooking "sous-vide" and was formulated vacuum packaging. The design used a mixture of spices to achieve a reduced sodium product and acceptable taste. Each medallion was packaged and sealed in a vacuum packaging (VACUUM PACKING 80060/80080), in polyethylene bags (O2 permeability of 25 to 30 cm3 / m2; water vapor permeability of 5 g / m2). The cooking method "sous-vide" was conducted in bath with temperature control and time constant circulation of water (RONER COMPACT 80060/80080), the combination of time / temperature was 80 °C and 10 minutes. Subsequently it cooled to 0 °C. The formulation was analyzed using sensory affective tests: preference and satisfaction, by a panel of 35 persons. In the study of consumer perception, projective type surveys were used. Sensory characterization of samples was performed by CATA questions (check-all-that-apply). Thus an accessible functional product with input ω3 fatty acid, soluble fiber and reduced sodium respect to traditional chicken medallion, microbiologically stable and sensorially accepted was obtained.Se formuló un medallón de carne de pollo suplementada en ácidos grasos ω3, con salvado de avena, de bajo contenido de sodio, mediante cocción “sous-vide” y envasado al vacío. El diseño utilizó una mezcla de especias para lograr un producto reducido en sodio y de sabor aceptable. Cada medallón fue empaquetado y sellado en una envasadora a vacío (VACUUM PACKING 80060/80080), en bolsas de polietileno (permeabilidad al O2 de 25 a 30 cm3 /m2; permeabilidad del vapor de agua de 5 g/m2). El método de cocción “sous-vide” fue efectuado en baño con control de temperatura y tiempo de circulación constante de agua (RONER COMPACT 80060/80080), cuya combinación temperatura/tiempo fue de 80°C y 10 minutos. Posteriormente se refrigeró a 0ºC. La formulación fue analizada sensorialmente mediante pruebas afectivas: de preferencia y grado de satisfacción, por un panel de 35 personas. En el estudio de la percepción de los consumidores, se emplearon encuestas de tipo proyectivas. La caracterización sensorial de las muestras se realizó mediante las preguntas CATA (check-all-that-apply). De esta manera se obtuvo un producto funcional accesible con aporte de ácidos grasos ω3, fibra soluble y reducido en sodio respecto al medallón de pollo tradicional, microbiológicamente estable y sensorialmente aceptado.Foi formulado um medalhão de carne de frango suplementado w3 ácidos graxos, farelo de aveia, baixo teor de sódio, por cozimento "sous-vide" e embalados a vácuo. O projeto usou uma mistura de especiarias para conseguir um produto de sódio reduzido e sabor aceitável. Cada medalhão foi embalado e selado numa embalagem de vácuo (vácuo EMBALAGEM 80060/80080), em sacos de polietileno (O2 permeabilidade de 25 a 30 cm3 / m2; a permeabilidade ao vapor de água de 5 g / m2). O método de cozimento "sous-vide" foi realizada em banho com controlo de temperatura e tempo de circulação constante de água (Roner COMPACTO 80060/80080), a combinação de tempo / temperatura foi de 80 ° C e 10 minutos. Posteriormente ele esfriou a 0 ° C. A formulação foi analisada utilizando testes afetivos sensoriais: preferência e satisfação, por um painel de 35 pessoas. No estudo da percepção do consumidor, foram utilizados levantamentos tipo projetivas. Acaracterização das amostras foi realizada por meio de perguntas CATA (check-tudo-que-extra). Assim, um produto funcional acessível é obtido com a entrada de w3 ácidos graxos, fibras solúveis e redução de sódio em comparação com medalhão de frango tradicional, microbiologicamente estável e sensorialmente aceitos

Serum Albumin Is Inversely Associated With Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis

We analyzed whether serum albumin is independently associated with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in liver cirrhosis (LC) and if a biologic plausibility exists. This study was divided into three parts. In part 1 (retrospective analysis), 753 consecutive patients with LC with ultrasound-detected PVT were retrospectively analyzed. In part 2, 112 patients with LC and 56 matched controls were entered in the cross-sectional study. In part 3, 5 patients with cirrhosis were entered in the in vivo study and 4 healthy subjects (HSs) were entered in the in vitro study to explore if albumin may affect platelet activation by modulating oxidative stress. In the 753 patients with LC, the prevalence of PVT was 16.7%; logistic analysis showed that only age (odds ratio [OR], 1.024; P = 0.012) and serum albumin (OR, -0.422; P = 0.0001) significantly predicted patients with PVT. Analyzing the 112 patients with LC and controls, soluble clusters of differentiation (CD)40-ligand (P = 0.0238), soluble Nox2-derived peptide (sNox2-dp; P < 0.0001), and urinary excretion of isoprostanes (P = 0.0078) were higher in patients with LC. In LC, albumin was correlated with sCD4OL (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [r(s)], -0.33; P < 0.001), sNox2-dp (r(s), -0.57; P < 0.0001), and urinary excretion of isoprostanes (r(s), -0.48; P < 0.0001) levels. The in vivo study showed a progressive decrease in platelet aggregation, sNox2-dp, and urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2 alpha-III formation 2 hours and 3 days after albumin infusion. Finally, platelet aggregation, sNox2-dp, and isoprostane formation significantly decreased in platelets from HSs incubated with scalar concentrations of albumin. Conclusion: Low serum albumin in LC is associated with PVT, suggesting that albumin could be a modulator of the hemostatic system through interference with mechanisms regulating platelet activation

Clinical features and outcomes of elderly hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure or both

Background and objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF) mutually increase the risk of being present in the same patient, especially if older. Whether or not this coexistence may be associated with a worse prognosis is debated. Therefore, employing data derived from the REPOSI register, we evaluated the clinical features and outcomes in a population of elderly patients admitted to internal medicine wards and having COPD, HF or COPD + HF. Methods: We measured socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics, severity and prevalence of comorbidities, clinical and laboratory features during hospitalization, mood disorders, functional independence, drug prescriptions and discharge destination. The primary study outcome was the risk of death. Results: We considered 2,343 elderly hospitalized patients (median age 81 years), of whom 1,154 (49%) had COPD, 813 (35%) HF, and 376 (16%) COPD + HF. Patients with COPD + HF had different characteristics than those with COPD or HF, such as a higher prevalence of previous hospitalizations, comorbidities (especially chronic kidney disease), higher respiratory rate at admission and number of prescribed drugs. Patients with COPD + HF (hazard ratio HR 1.74, 95% confidence intervals CI 1.16-2.61) and patients with dementia (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.06-2.90) had a higher risk of death at one year. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed a higher mortality risk in the group of patients with COPD + HF for all causes (p = 0.010), respiratory causes (p = 0.006), cardiovascular causes (p = 0.046) and respiratory plus cardiovascular causes (p = 0.009). Conclusion: In this real-life cohort of hospitalized elderly patients, the coexistence of COPD and HF significantly worsened prognosis at one year. This finding may help to better define the care needs of this population

Prescription appropriateness of anti-diabetes drugs in elderly patients hospitalized in a clinical setting: evidence from the REPOSI Register

Diabetes is an increasing global health burden with the highest prevalence (24.0%) observed in elderly people. Older diabetic adults have a greater risk of hospitalization and several geriatric syndromes than older nondiabetic adults. For these conditions, special care is required in prescribing therapies including anti- diabetes drugs. Aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness and the adherence to safety recommendations in the prescriptions of glucose-lowering drugs in hospitalized elderly patients with diabetes. Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the REgistro POliterapie-Società Italiana Medicina Interna (REPOSI) that collected clinical information on patients aged ≥ 65 years acutely admitted to Italian internal medicine and geriatric non-intensive care units (ICU) from 2010 up to 2019. Prescription appropriateness was assessed according to the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria and anti-diabetes drug data sheets.Among 5349 patients, 1624 (30.3%) had diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. At admission, 37.7% of diabetic patients received treatment with metformin, 37.3% insulin therapy, 16.4% sulfonylureas, and 11.4% glinides. Surprisingly, only 3.1% of diabetic patients were treated with new classes of anti- diabetes drugs. According to prescription criteria, at admission 15.4% of patients treated with metformin and 2.6% with sulfonylureas received inappropriately these treatments. At discharge, the inappropriateness of metformin therapy decreased (10.2%, P < 0.0001). According to Beers criteria, the inappropriate prescriptions of sulfonylureas raised to 29% both at admission and at discharge. This study shows a poor adherence to current guidelines on diabetes management in hospitalized elderly people with a high prevalence of inappropriate use of sulfonylureas according to the Beers criteria

The “Diabetes Comorbidome”: A Different Way for Health Professionals to Approach the Comorbidity Burden of Diabetes

(1) Background: The disease burden related to diabetes is increasing greatly, particularly in older subjects. A more comprehensive approach towards the assessment and management of diabetes’ comorbidities is necessary. The aim of this study was to implement our previous data identifying and representing the prevalence of the comorbidities, their association with mortality, and the strength of their relationship in hospitalized elderly patients with diabetes, developing, at the same time, a new graphic representation model of the comorbidome called “Diabetes Comorbidome”. (2) Methods: Data were collected from the RePoSi register. Comorbidities, socio-demographic data, severity and comorbidity indexes (Cumulative Illness rating Scale CIRS-SI and CIRS-CI), and functional status (Barthel Index), were recorded. Mortality rates were assessed in hospital and 3 and 12 months after discharge. (3) Results: Of the 4714 hospitalized elderly patients, 1378 had diabetes. The comorbidities distribution showed that arterial hypertension (57.1%), ischemic heart disease (31.4%), chronic renal failure (28.8%), atrial fibrillation (25.6%), and COPD (22.7%), were the more frequent in subjects with diabetes. The graphic comorbidome showed that the strongest predictors of death at in hospital and at the 3-month follow-up were dementia and cancer. At the 1-year follow-up, cancer was the first comorbidity independently associated with mortality. (4) Conclusions: The “Diabetes Comorbidome” represents the perfect instrument for determining the prevalence of comorbidities and the strength of their relationship with risk of death, as well as the need for an effective treatment for improving clinical outcomes

Antidiabetic Drug Prescription Pattern in Hospitalized Older Patients with Diabetes

Objective: To describe the prescription pattern of antidiabetic and cardiovascular drugs in a cohort of hospitalized older patients with diabetes. Methods: Patients with diabetes aged 65 years or older hospitalized in internal medicine and/or geriatric wards throughout Italy and enrolled in the REPOSI (REgistro POliterapuie SIMI—Società Italiana di Medicina Interna) registry from 2010 to 2019 and discharged alive were included. Results: Among 1703 patients with diabetes, 1433 (84.2%) were on treatment with at least one antidiabetic drug at hospital admission, mainly prescribed as monotherapy with insulin (28.3%) or metformin (19.2%). The proportion of treated patients decreased at discharge (N = 1309, 76.9%), with a significant reduction over time. Among those prescribed, the proportion of those with insulin alone increased over time (p = 0.0066), while the proportion of those prescribed sulfonylureas decreased (p < 0.0001). Among patients receiving antidiabetic therapy at discharge, 1063 (81.2%) were also prescribed cardiovascular drugs, mainly with an antihypertensive drug alone or in combination (N = 777, 73.1%). Conclusion: The management of older patients with diabetes in a hospital setting is often sub-optimal, as shown by the increasing trend in insulin at discharge, even if an overall improvement has been highlighted by the prevalent decrease in sulfonylureas prescription