Content and changes in dissolved organic matter in meadow and arable soils over time

Considering the discrepancies in the reports on seasonal changes in the content of  dissolved organic carbon, this paper concerns the research which aimed at defining the content and seasonal changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) in arable and meadow soils in moderate climate conditions. The research has involved the soils sampled in the kujawsko-pomorskie province (Poland). Gleic Phaeozems (meadow soils), Brunic Arenosols and Eutric Cambisols were sampled from the depth of 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm and 60-100 cm, November 2011 through September 2013. The soil samples were analyzed for dry weight content, pH, content of total organic carbon and total nitrogen. DOM was extracted with 0.004 mol·dm-3 CaCl2, in the extracts the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DNt) were assayed. The share of DOC was determined by the soil management. The analysis of variance did not show significant differences in the content of TOC and Nt across the soil sampling dates. Were recorded changes in DOC and DNt between successive sampling dates; for topsoil for DOC – from -12.06% to 13.34% (meadow soils) and for DNt  -40.84% to 47.44% (arable soils).

Influence of the fractional composition of humus substances on the proportion of water-resistant aggregates

In this study, the influence of humus substances on soil structure of six soils (Haplic Chernozem, Mollic Fluvisol, Eutric Fluvisol, Rendzic Leptosol, Eutric Cambisol, and Haplic Luvisol) of different ecosystems (forest, meadow, urban, and agro-ecosystem)in Slovakia was compared. The influence of the fractional composition of humus substances on the proportion of the fractions of water-resistant aggregates in different ecosystems was assessed. The fractions of free humic acids and those bound with monovalent cations and mobile R2O3 (r = 0.387; P urban ecosystem > meadow ecosystem > forest ecosystem

USE OF HPLC, Py-GCMS, FTIR METHODS IN THE STUDIES OF THE COMPOSITION OF SOIL DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER

The study has determined the composition of dissolved organic matter in Luvisols, Fluvisols and Histosols using spectroscopic (FTIR) and chromatographic (HPLC and Py-GCMS) methods. It has been found that aliphatic hydrocarbons (linear) containing from 4 to 12 atoms of carbon constitute the dominant group of compounds included in the dissolved organic matter (DOC). The preparations isolated from Histosols and Luvisols demonstrated a higher proportion of hydrophobic fraction with a longer retention time probably containing more compounds with long-chain aliphatic and simple aromatic structure than the DOC of Fluvisols. The differences in infrared spectra are evident particularly in the wave number between 1650–1030 cm-1. The DOC of Histosols is richer in aromatic compounds (range 1620 cm-1) but the DOC of Luvisols and Fluvisols is richer in alkene chains and hydroxyl (OH) and methoxy (OCH3) groups. The results showed differences in the composition of the DOM across the soils, caused their genesis. W pracy badano skład rozpuszczalnej materii organicznej (RMO) gleb (Luvisols, Fluvisols and Histosols) przy zastosowaniu metod spektroskopowych (FTIR) oraz chromatograficznych (HPLC i Py-GCMS). Stwierdzono, że dominującą grupą związków wchodzących w skład RMO są węglowodory alifatyczne (łańcuchowe) zawierające od 4 do 12 atomów węgla. Preparaty RMO wyizolowane z torfu i gleby płowej charakteryzujące się wyższym udziałem frakcji hydrofobowych o najdłuższym czasie retencji, zawierały najprawdopodobniej więcej związków o długich łańcuchach alifatycznych oraz proste struktury aromatyczne w porównaniu z RMO mady. Przebieg widm w podczerwieni wyraźnie wskazał różnicę w składzie badanych preparatów RMO, szczególnie w zakresie liczb falowych między 1650-1030 cm-1. Preparaty RMO wyizolowane z torfu były bogatsze w związki aromatyczne (pasmo 1620 cm-1) a frakcja RMO wyizolowana z gleby płowej i mady ciężkiej była bogatsza w łańcuchy alkenowe i grupy hydroksylowe (OH) i metoksylowe (OCH3). Otrzymane wyniki badań wykazały różnice w składzie RMO pomiędzy glebami, wynikające z ich genezy

The evaluation of preparation for nursing care for a child of cancer diseases experiencing pain among nurses and student nurses

Praca recenzowana / Peer-reviewed paperEvery type of pain is a great burden for a child. It always disturbs physical and psychical functioning and has a negative impact on the relations between the suff ering child and his/ her surroundings. Pain relief should become a priority in paediatric care especially in the context of nursing care. Full pain diagnostics, careful evaluation, and eff ective therapy are most signifi cant when taking care of a child experiencing pain. Th e objective of this work was to recognize what nurses and student nurses, working in paediatric units, know about pain diagnostics, assessment, therapy, and care for a child suff ering from it. Th e study took place in the Children’s Hospital of Cracow. It included 52 nurses working in paediatric units and 55 third-year B.A. student nurses from the Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. A survey questionnaire, developed by the authors, consisting of four topic parts was applied. Th e study showed that the majority of respondents had knowledge regarding pain recognition among children including iatrogenic pain. Th ey were aware of negative eff ects of improperly treated pain. However, they weren’t fully ready to assess pain intensity and control it. Th e study confi rmed the need for wider education in the fi eld of pain issues among student nurses as well as working nurses. Conclusions: 1. Th e majority of respondents had signifi cant knowledge regarding pain recognition. However, complete preparation for care for a child suff ering from pain wasn’t fully satisfactory; 2. More than 50% of nurses didn’t use any scale for pain intensity evaluation. Also, no medical records regarding pain were kept at all paediatric units; 3. Further professional education regarding pain issues among children, e.g. additional classes, needs to be introduced

Rodzina w zdrowiu i w chorobie. Wybrane aspekty opieki nad przewlekle chorym

Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed pape

Interdyscyplinarna opieka nad pacjentem z chorobą nowotworową

Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed paperZ przyjemnością przekazujemy Państwu kolejny tom monografii Interdyscyplinarna opieka nad pacjentem z chorobą nowotworową, która powstała przy współpracy Polskiego Stowarzyszenia Pielęgniarek Onkologicznych z Wydziałem Zdrowia i Nauk Medycznych Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego. Problematyka przedstawiona w publikacji dotyczy wieloaspektowej opieki nad chorym na nowotwór. Opracowania są doniesieniami z badań naukowych, w których autorzy przedstawiają wnioski i kierunki działań dla praktyków. Równie dużą wartość mają rozdziały, w których praktycy dzielą się swoją wiedzą i doświadczeniem z pracy z chorymi i ich rodzinami. Tematyka monografi i dotyczy m.in.: edukacji zdrowotnej, komunikowania się, opieki nad chorym poddawanym chemioterapii, leczeniu chirurgicznemu, radioterapii i rehabilitacji. Pragniemy, aby ta książka swoją merytoryczną zawartością stała się istotnym wkładem w uczczenie tak ważnych dla pielęgniarstwa rocznic, obchodzonych w 2011 r

Zagrożenia zdrowotne wśród dzieci i młodzieży. T. 3

Praca recenzowana / Peer-reviewed pape

SOIL POLLUTION OF SELECTED PAHS AS A FACTOR AFFECTING THE PROPERTIES OF HUMIC ACIDS

It is well-known that the properties of humus soil substances (including humic acids) are soil-type-specific. However, one shall consider the fact that properties of organic matter of soil can be modified by farming system (crop rotation, fertilisation) as well as other external factors, including pollutants; PAHs. The objective of the paper is to determine the effect of a single-time pollution of soils with high rates of PAHs on the properties of humic acids. The research was performed with the samples of soils representative for the Kujawy and Pomorze Region (Phaeozems, Luvisol, Haplic Arenosols, Fluvisols). Soil samples were polluted with selected PAHs; fluorene, anthracene, pyrene and chrysene at the amount corresponding to 100 mg PAHs · kg-1. Treatments, i.e., soils + PAHs, were incubated for 180 and 360 days at the temperature of 20–25 ºC and at constant moisture of 50 % of field water capacity. Humic acids were extracted from the soil samples prior to and after 180 and 360 days of incubation. The following analyses were performed for separating humic acids: elemental composition, UV-VIS and IR spectrophotometric analyses, susceptibility to oxidation. Results demonstrated that a single introduction of fluorene, anthracene, pyrene and chrysene at very high rates into soils affects the properties of humic acids. There was mostly recorded a decrease in coefficients of absorbance A2/6 and A4/6, an increase in the parameter defining the susceptibility of humic acids to oxidation. There were also noted changes in the pattern of spectra in infrared and the values of the parameter defining the degree of internal oxidation of the humic acids molecules

Continuous professional development of nurses and ICNP^® introduction in Poland

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to explore Polish nurses’ readiness to use the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®) as part of continuous professional development and life-long learning.Material and MethodsThe study included 772 nurses, divided into 2 study groups. The first group comprised those who had participated in a course enhancing the knowledge and improving skills in the use of ICNP® terminology (N = 457). The second group comprised people who had not yet attended such a course (N = 315).ResultsIn the pre-course group, education correlated significantly with a general knowledge of ICNP® and its components, as the answers to 9 out of 13 questions revealed (p > 0.05). In the postcourse group, such a correlation was observed in the answers to all the questions except the following: “Is it possible to implement ICNP® in your place of work?” (ρ = 0.066, p = 0.137). Statistically significant differences were found when it comes to the correlation of all 13 questions and the results with the overall level of knowledge of ICNP®. A higher level of agreement with the questions and a higher level of knowledge were observed in the post-course group. However, this did not apply to the following question: “Is it possible to implement ICNP® in your place of work?” (Z = –0.06, p = 0.955, r = 0.002).ConclusionsEffective pre- and postgraduate education prepares nurses for working with ICNP® terminology. In fact, IT tools, implemented into the education process, could help to develop skills and the understanding of how nurses can use ICNP® in the nursing process. There are some obvious difficulties with the practical implementation of ICNP® into clinical practice. 2020;33(3):353–6