POGODNOST ZEMLJIŠTA ZA GAJENJE MALINE

In intensive raspberry growing, in order to achieve high, stable and regular yields, it is necessary to properly balance the mineral nutrition. For this purpose, an experiment with three variants of fertilization was set up (control, NPK 15:15:15 (800 kg ha-1), NPK 15:15:15 (800 kg ha-1) + KAN (400 kg ha-1)), on two plots Donja and Konopljak. The obtained results show that the lowest yield of raspberries was achieved in the control, while the application of NPK fertilizers and KAN determined an increase in the yield of raspberries, on both examined plots. The supplementary nutrition of KAN has shown positive effects on increasing the yield of raspberries. A higher average yield of raspberries was achieved on the plot Konopljak (17,380 kg ha-1) compared to the plot Donja (14,673 kg ha-1).Publishe

Suitability of leached soils of Western Serbia for potato growing

Potato can be grown on a large number of soil types. In order to determine the suitability of leached soils for potato growing in Western Serbia, a trial was set up with the aim of observing agrophysical and agrochemical properties of this type of soil in the region of the Radočelo mountain massif in 2020. Three soil profiles were opened. Results pointed out that leached soils of Western Serbia are suitable for potato growing according to their agrophysical properties, but unfavourable as regards some agrochemical parameters (a low content of available phosphorus, high values of active, exchangeable, and hydrolytic acidity). Nevertheless, it is possible to achieve high yields that approach the biological potential of potato using appropriate soil amendment practices (timely application of proper amounts of the complex NPK fertiliser with increased phosphorus and potassium levels, basal liming of the soil along with manuring, and use of physiologically neutral nitrogen fertilisers)

Economic analysis of pear orchard establishment

As a fruit crop, the pear is preferably grown and esteemed for its high utility value. Over recent decades, there have been great fluctuations in both quantity and quality of the pear fruit for a variety of reasons (obsolete growing technology, cultivar diversity, increased fire blight attacks, market instability, etc.). Given the favourable environmental conditions in Serbia and pear fruit shortage on domestic and foreign markets, producers' interest in pear production has increased in the last several years. The economic performance of a pear orchard is largely dependent on market conditions and pear marketing possibilities. Establishing a pear orchard requires a comprehensive analysis of agroeconomic conditions which govern both the choice of cultivars and orchard size. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse pear orchard establishment costs. Two cultivars were used i.e. 'Williams' and 'Santa Maria'. The results of the agroeconomic analysis show that the investment costs of establishing a 1 ha orchard amount to €8,975.75. Orchard management costs are €2,020.25 in the first year, €1,803.25 in the second year and €3,026.00 in the third year. Total investment costs associated with orchard establishment and management during the first three years are € 18,510.25. Management costs for a fully productive orchard are €4,657.00. The return on investment, along with profit, is achieved in the fifth year. If the intensive orchard produced a yield higher by 35% than the average yield projections, as typical of high-density production systems, the return on investment would be achieved in the fourth year

Cultivar-specific accumulation of iron, manganese, zinc and copper in winter wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.)

To ensure safe food production, cultivar specificity of mineral nutrition in winter wheat was studied in order to determine genotypic differences in the accumulation of several selected microelements (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu). Soil properties, plant species and genotypes were found to be major factors affecting the uptake of microelements by wheat plants. The application of NPK fertilizers, manure and lime resulted in a decrease in Fe, Mn and Zn contents, but the decrease was not below the concentrations that would make the plants suffer from nutrient deficiencies. In all treatments, the ratio Fe/Mn was <1.5, indicating that iron was not physiologically active, due to which its function was taken over by manganese. The analysis of variance showed highly significant effects of cultivar and fertilization on grain yield and 1,000-grain weight

ODREĐIVANJE HEMIJSKOG SASTAVA RAZLIČITIH EKSTRAKATA ČUVARKUĆE

Sempervivum tectorum has a similar effect as aloe vera, which is known in the treatment of various skin diseases. This herb is considered one of the safest remedies for a wide range of skin diseases. Due to its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, it also serves as an excellent first aid for burns, stings and bites, because it provides quick relief and calming. Freshly squeezed juice from the leaves of the houseplant is used in the treatment of nervous disorders, epilepsy and restless dreams. The leaves are edible and can be used as an addition to salads or stews. They are not particularly tasty, but as they are rich in water, they can be put in a juicer together with other fruits or vegetables and become a refreshing drink. It is used in folk herbal medicine and as a medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the moisture content, total extracted substances, extract density, vitamin C, organic acids and proteins in house extracts.Publishe

ISPITIVANJE EKSTRAKATA ORIGANA DOBIJENIH RAZLIČITIM METODAMA

Oregano is used in the production of specific aromatic cheeses, meat products and dough dishes, for the production of medicinal preparations, fragrant soaps, colognes and perfumes. Special interest in oregano in recent years is related to the results of a study of its biological activities, which indicate a wide range of antibacterial, fungicidal, antiviral and antioxidant properties. The subject of this paper is the examination of extracts of plant species of oregano (Origanum vulgare), with the aim of determining the method that is most popular for extracting this plant species and which gives the best yields of extracts. The content of extracted substances in each extract, the content of vitamin C as well as the content of organic acids were determined.Publishe

Effect of different rates and methods of application of NPK-fertilizers on the quality of potato tubers

Research on the effect of different rates and methods of application of mineral NPK fertilizers on the quality of potato variety 'Carrera' was conducted on a luvisol of the Radočelo Mountain massif. Treatments included an unfertilized control, NPK 16:16:16 (1500 kg/ha) applied in-furrow at planting, NPK 16:16:16 (1200 kg/ha) applied in-furrow at planting, and NPK 16:16:16 applied at 700 kg/ha during seedbed preparation and at 500 kg/ha in-furrow at planting. Results on the nutritional value of potato tubers showed that the levels of tested nutrients were higher in the skin than in the flesh. The concentrations of tested nutrients in potato tubers were highest at the highest NPK fertilizer rate, whereas the lowest levels of all nutrients, except Fe, were determined in tubers at NPK rates of 700 kg/ha applied pre-plant and 500 kg/ha applied at planting

Effect of processing on vitamin c content, total phenols and antioxidative activity of organically grown red beetroot (beta vulgaris ssp. Rubra)

The demand for organic food is rising since consumers want food from reliable, highest quality sources originating from the environment, undisturbed by cultivation and processing. It is necessary to determine to what extent there is a scientific basis for the claims that organic food is of high quality. In this study, beetroot from an organic production system originating from 6 certified organic food producers from different geographic locations was examined. The organic beetroot samples were processed by pasteurization at 70 ºC and 90 ºC into beet juice or by drying at 55 ºC. The following samples were tested and compared: fresh beetroot, pasteurized beet juice and dried beetroot slices. The concentration of vitamin C, level of total phenol compounds (TPC) and antioxidative activity (TAA) in beetroot were influenced by the geographic origin and the applied processing method. The highest degradation for all analysed parameters was found in the samples treated by drying or pasteurisation at 90 ºC. The lowest losses of studied phytochemical components were observed during juice pasteurisation at 70 ºC. The correlation coefficient between TPC and TAA was high and significant (r2 = 0.966)

Uticaj đubrenja azotom na očuvanje plodnosti zemljišta

Soil fertility is of the most importance in organizing successful plant production and gaining high yield. Protection and preservation of soil fertility are of a high relevance in contemporary agriculture, since inadequate production technology and particularly the application of high doses of fertilizers very often leads to degradation processes and soil damage. The most common mistake is the overdose of nitrogen fertilizers. Therefore, in order to research the changes of basic agro-chemical traits of soil, the increased doses of nitrogen in carrot growing have been researched. The experimental part of the research was performed on sandy loam cambisol, with the following applications of nitrogen: 0, 60, 120 and 180 kgN/ha through KAN fertilizer. After carrot harvesting, the content of humus, phosphorus and potassium decreased, while the content of nitrate nitrogen was directly dependent of growing nitrogen doses. The lowest average content of NO3-N was determined in control (24.7 mg/kg), and the highest by applying 180 kgN/ha (47.0 mg/kg).Plodnost zemljišta predstavlja jedan od najvažnijih faktora za uspešnu biljnu proizvodnju i postizanje visokih prinosa. Zaštita i očuvanje plodnosti zemljišta predstavlja najvažniji zadatak i aktuelan problem poljoprivredne struke, jer neadekvatnom tehnologijom proizvodnje, a posebno primenom visokih doza đubriva veoma često dolazi do degradacionih procesa i oštećenja zemljišta. Najčešće greške se javljaju prekomernim korišćenjem azotnih đubriva, pa je u cilju ispitivanja promena osnovnih agrohemijskih osobina zemljišta ispitivan uticaj rastućih doza azota pri gajenju mrkve. Eksperimentalni deo istraživanja izveden je na zemljištu tipa smonica u ogajnjačavanju, sa primenom doza azota: 0, 60, 120 i 180 kgN/ha kroz prihranjiavnje sa KAN-om. Nakon vađenja mrkve, sadržaj humusa, pristupačnog fosfora i kalijuma se smanjio, dok je sadržaj nitratnog azota pokazao direktnu zavisnost od rastućih doza azota. Najmanji prosečni sadržaj NO3-N je utvrđen na kontrolnoj varijanti (24.7 mg/kg), a najveći primenom 180 kgN/ha (47.0 mg/kg), što je u okviru dozvoljenih vrednosti

EKONOMSKA ANALIZA PODIZANJA ZASADA KRUŠKE

As a fruit crop, the pear is preferably grown and esteemed for its high utility value. Over recent decades, there have been great fluctuations in both quantity and quality of the pear fruit for a variety of reasons (obsolete growing technology, cultivar diversity, increased fire blight attacks, market instability, etc.). Given the favourable environmental conditions in Serbia and pear fruit shortage on domestic and foreign markets, producers' interest in pear production has increased in the last several years. The economic performance of a pear orchard is largely dependent on market conditions and pear marketing possibilities. Establishing a pear orchard requires a comprehensive analysis of agroeconomic conditions which govern both the choice of cultivars and orchard size. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse pear orchard establishment costs. Two cultivars were used i.e. 'Williams' and 'Santa Maria'. The results of the agroeconomic analysis show that the investment costs of establishing a 1 ha orchard amount to €8,975.75. Orchard management costs are €2,020.25 in the first year, €1,803.25 in the second year and €3,026.00 in the third year. Total investment costs associated with orchard establishment and management during the first three years are € 18,510.25. Management costs for a fully productive orchard are €4,657.00. The return on investment, along with profit, is achieved in the fifth year. If the intensive orchard produced a yield higher by 35% than the average yield projections, as typical of high-density production systems, the return on investment would be achieved in the fourth year.Publishe