InternalBlue - Bluetooth Binary Patching and Experimentation Framework

Bluetooth is one of the most established technologies for short range digital wireless data transmission. With the advent of wearables and the Internet of Things (IoT), Bluetooth has again gained importance, which makes security research and protocol optimizations imperative. Surprisingly, there is a lack of openly available tools and experimental platforms to scrutinize Bluetooth. In particular, system aspects and close to hardware protocol layers are mostly uncovered. We reverse engineer multiple Broadcom Bluetooth chipsets that are widespread in off-the-shelf devices. Thus, we offer deep insights into the internal architecture of a popular commercial family of Bluetooth controllers used in smartphones, wearables, and IoT platforms. Reverse engineered functions can then be altered with our InternalBlue Python framework---outperforming evaluation kits, which are limited to documented and vendor-defined functions. The modified Bluetooth stack remains fully functional and high-performance. Hence, it provides a portable low-cost research platform. InternalBlue is a versatile framework and we demonstrate its abilities by implementing tests and demos for known Bluetooth vulnerabilities. Moreover, we discover a novel critical security issue affecting a large selection of Broadcom chipsets that allows executing code within the attacked Bluetooth firmware. We further show how to use our framework to fix bugs in chipsets out of vendor support and how to add new security features to Bluetooth firmware

Internet of Things for Sustainable Community Development: Introduction and Overview

The two-third of the city-dwelling world population by 2050 poses numerous global challenges in the infrastructure and natural resource management domains (e.g., water and food scarcity, increasing global temperatures, and energy issues). The IoT with integrated sensing and communication capabilities has the strong potential for the robust, sustainable, and informed resource management in the urban and rural communities. In this chapter, the vital concepts of sustainable community development are discussed. The IoT and sustainability interactions are explained with emphasis on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and communication technologies. Moreover, IoT opportunities and challenges are discussed in the context of sustainable community development

A Practical Approach for Providing QoS in

Abstract − Bluetooth is a promising wireless technology to form the personal area network and is being applied in versatile areas including both IP and non-IP protocol services. The current transport service can only provides best-effort for all master-slave connections. It is a challenge for providing quality of service (QoS) in the Bluetooth piconet because of the feature of master driven Time Division Duplex (TDD). The Bluetooth standard doesn’t address how to meet the QoS requirements. There are several works had addressed this issue, but all works of these approaches require to modify existing Bluetooth specification and devices. To solve the problem, some requirements as following must be meet in an ideal mechanism: (1) practicability for the existing Bluetooth specification and devices, (2) QoS for both IP and non-IP protocol services, (3) different treatment in accordance with protocol service, (4) scalability without any changes to slaves. In this paper, a traffic shaper is proposed in the Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) on master to provide QoS for both IP and non-IP packets and without any modification in the Bluetooth specification. This approach regulates the traffic of different protocol services to comply with the constrained rate in Bluetooth piconet. The prototype is implemented and tested in Linux platform. Experimental results show that our scheme provides QoS and it is practicable in Bluetooth piconet. I