Nitric oxide synthase in skeletal muscle fibres of patients with type 2 diabetes

Muscle-derived nitric oxide (NO) mediates fundamental physiological actions on skeletal muscle including glucose uptake into muscle cells. Recently, we have shown that the altered glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with changes in the metabolic profile of individual muscle fibres, but fibre-type specific changes in NO synthase (NOS) expression in skeletal muscle of T2D patients remain to be elucidated. Here we investigated fibre-type related NOS expression in vastus lateralis muscle of T2D patients compared with healthy individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Cytophotometrical assay and Western blotting did not reveal any quantitative differences between NOS expression in muscles from NGT and T2D subjects. Positive NOS immunoreactivity in vastus lateralis of T2D patients was found to be associated with fast-oxidative glycolytic (FOG) muscle phenotype. This indicates that NOS expression in T2D patients correlates both with skeletal muscle fibre type distribution and the activity of oxidative and glycolytic enzymes

Curarium

Review of Curarium, Reviewed April 2015 by William Blueher, Metadata & Collections Librarian Thomas J. Watson Library The Metropolitan Museum of Art [email protected]

Monoskop

Review of Monoskop, Reviewed October 2017 by William Blueher, Assistant Museum Librarian; Metadata & Collections Thomas J. Watson Library, The Metropolitan Museum of Art [email protected]

Quantitative linkage of physiology and gene expression through empirical model construction: an investigation of diabetes

A methodology for the construction of predictive empirical models of physiological characteristics from microarray data is presented. The method, applied here to the study of the development of diabetes and insulin resistance, can be further expanded to other cases and to also include a variety of other data, such as protein expression, or metabolic flux data. The importance of several of the genes identified by the modeling methodology can be verified by comparison with results from prior literature. This implies potentially significant roles in diabetes for several of the uncharacterized genes discovered during the modeling procedure.Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA

Time to do more

AbstractAimsClinical inertia, the tendency to maintain current treatment strategies despite results demanding escalation, is thought to substantially contribute to the disconnect between clinical aspirations for patients with diabetes and targets achieved. We wished to explore potential causes of clinical inertia among physicians and people with diabetes.MethodsA 20-min online survey of 652 adults with diabetes and 337 treating physicians in six countries explored opinions relating to clinical inertia from both perspectives, in order to correlate perceptions and expectations relating to diagnosis, treatment, diabetes complications and therapeutic escalation.ResultsPhysicians had low expectations for their patients, despite the belief that the importance of good glycaemic control through lifestyle and pharmacological interventions had been adequately conveyed. Conversely, people with diabetes had, at best, a rudimentary understanding of the risks of complications and the importance of good control; indeed, only a small proportion believed lifestyle changes were important and the majority did not intend to comply.ConclusionsThe principal findings of this survey suggest that impairments in communication are at the heart of clinical inertia. This manuscript lays out four key principles that we believe are achievable in all environments and can improve the lives of people with diabetes

Notes

The ARLIS/NA Cataloging Advisory Committee has drafted these best practices to provide practical guidance to catalogers working with art exhibition publications. The guidelines are confined to cataloging issues and situations characteristic of this type of material; they are intended to be used with and are compatible with other cataloging documentation including Resource Description and Access (RDA) and LC-PCC Policy Statements and Metadata Guidance Documents. Examples have been given using the MARC21 format for consistency and familiarity, but MARC21 is not a prescribed or preferred schema. The order of notes in this document generally follows the WEMI framework but can be adjusted for local practice or when it has been decided that a particular note is of primary importance

Assigning Subject and Genre/Form Headings

These best practices are concerned with applying the Library of Congress Subject Headings to art exhibition publications, and are intended for use with the relevant sections of the Library of Congress Subject Headings Manual. Assigning subject headings to exhibition publications presents a great opportunity for the exercise of cataloger’s judgment. Not only are art exhibition publications frequently published with little information about their subject beyond an artist’s name and a short checklist, but the existing bibliographic records that catalogers follow as examples can vary widely according to local practices. Many of these practices can depart from established standards published in the Library of Congress Subject Headings Manual

Title and Statement of Responsibility

Some forms of exhibition documentation, such as brochures or checklists, are produced in-house and may present bibliographical information in an unconventional fashion, requiring the cataloger to look well beyond the title page or even beyond the publication itself. Exhibition publications often require more use of cataloger's judgment, and more intervention in terms of transposing, omitting, and supplying data. Decision-making about the choice of a primary access point can be quite involved. And cataloging exhibition publications is probably more affected by local practices and guidelines than any other area of art documentation, since catalogers who work at institutions that mount or host exhibitions are often expected to provide more detail about their own institutions' publications. Though these are local practices, it is useful to alert other catalogers to this phenomenon