Soybean growth, yield, and insect resistance in response to rhizobial diversity and drought

   File Name: soy pilot_2018_common garden_treatments.csv File Description: Treatments associated with soybean plants grown in a common garden pot experiment at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in 2018. Each row represents a pot containing a single soybean plant. Column Descriptions: bed: The raised bed that each plant was grown in (equates to blocks). plant: The plant identification number. treatment: A numeric identifier for each combination of rhizobial diversity and drought treatments. strains: Which rhizobial strains were inoculated into the pot (1=USDA 110; 2=USDA 76; 3=USDA 136; 4=USDA 138). diversity: Number of rhizobial strains inoculated into the pot. warming: Whether the pot experienced ambient temperatures and well watered conditions (0) or was warmed roughly 3 °C above ambient temperatures for the entire growing season and droughted for 2 weeks in July (1). USDA_110: Whether the pot was inoculated with strain USDA 110 (1) or not (0). USDA_76: Whether the pot was inoculated with strain USDA 76 (1) or not (0). USDA_136: Whether the pot was inoculated with strain USDA 136 (1) or not (0). USDA_138: Whether the pot was inoculated with strain USDA 138 (1) or not (0). File Name: soy pilot_2018_common garden_env data.csv File Description: Instantaneous measurements of environmental variables measured within raised bed plots in a common garden pot experiment at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in 2018. Each row represents a raised bed on a given date. Column Descriptions: bed_num: The raised bed where temperature was being measured (equates to blocks). soil_moisture: Instantaneous percent soil moisture values measured using a handheld TDR probe. A value of 9999 indicates soil moisture was not measured on a given date. pole1_temp: Infrared temperature measurement (°C) taken on the first of two PVC poles mounted within the raised bed on a given date. pole2_temp: Infrared temperature measurement (°C) taken on the second of two PVC poles mounted within the raised bed on a given date. date: The date (mm/dd/yyyy) and time (24:00) that the measurements were taken. File Name: soy pilot_2018_common garden_growth.csv File Description: Soybean plant growth variable measured within raised bed plots in a common garden pot experiment at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in 2018. Each row represents a single soybean plant on a given date. Column Descriptions: bed: The raised bed where temperature was being measured (equates to blocks). plant: The plant identification number. warming: Whether the pot experienced ambient temperatures and well watered conditions (0) or was warmed roughly 3 °C above ambient temperatures for the entire growing season and droughted for 2 weeks in July (1). height_cm: Plant height in cm. A value of 9999 indicates the variable was not measured on a given date. num_leaves: Number of leaflets per plant. A value of 9999 indicates the variable was not measured on a given date. num_rabbit_herb: Number of stems clipped by a rabbit during an herbivory event. A value of 9999 indicates the variable was not measured on a given date. num_flowers: Number of flowers. A value of 9999 indicates the variable was not measured on a given date. num_pods: Number of pods (includes all stages of development). A value of 9999 indicates the variable was not measured on a given date. date: The date (mm/dd/yyyy) that the measurements were taken. File Name: soy pilot_2018_common garden_herbivory.csv File Description: Rates of herbivory measured on soybean plants within raised bed plots in a common garden pot experiment at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in 2018. Each row represents a single soybean plant on a given date. Column Descriptions: bed: The raised bed where temperature was being measured (equates to blocks). plant: The plant identification number. warming: Whether the pot experienced ambient temperatures and well watered conditions (0) or was warmed roughly 3 °C above ambient temperatures for the entire growing season and droughted for 2 weeks in July (1). perc_herbivory: Percent leaf tissue removed by a chewing herbivore estimated for the whole plant on a given date. A value of 9999 indicates the variable was not measured on a given date. percent_rust: Percent of leaf tissue infected by rust for the whole plant on a given date. A value of 9999 indicates the variable was not measured on a given date. date: The date (mm/dd/yyyy) that the measurements were taken. File Name: soy pilot_2018_common garden_insects.csv File Description: Insects identified on soybean plants within raised bed plots in a common garden pot experiment at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in 2018. Each row represents a single soybean plant on a given date. Column Descriptions: bed: The raised bed where temperature was being measured (equates to blocks). plant: The plant identification number. warming: Whether the pot experienced ambient temperatures and well watered conditions (0) or was warmed roughly 3 °C above ambient temperatures for the entire growing season and droughted for 2 weeks in July (1). Aphids: Number of aphids counted per plant on a given date. Numbers were estimated to the nearest 50 for values greater than 100. Large_Ants: Number of large ants counted per plant on a given date. Small_Ants: Number of small ants counted per plant on a given date. Predator_Spider: Number of spiders counted per plant on a given date. Predator_Ladybug: Number of lady bugs counted per plant on a given date. Recorder: The initials of the person making the observation (KL: Kim Komatsu; KB: Kathryn Bloodworth; JP: John Parker). Plants where multiple recorders were listed were calibration plants used to ensure consistency across the measurers. date: The date (mm/dd/yyyy) that the measurements were taken. File Name: soy pilot_2018_common garden_pods.csv File Description: Pod variables recorded during harvest for soybean plants within raised bed plots in a common garden pot experiment at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in 2018. Each row represents a single soybean plant on a given date. Column Descriptions: bed: The raised bed where temperature was being measured (equates to blocks). plant: The plant identification number. warming: Whether the pot experienced ambient temperatures and well watered conditions (0) or was warmed roughly 3 °C above ambient temperatures for the entire growing season and droughted for 2 weeks in July (1). total_pods: Number of pods per plant across all states (sum of green, brown, and aborted pods). green_pods: Number of green pods per plant. brown_pods: Number of brown pods per plant. aborted_pods: Number of aborted pods per plant. Aborted pods were defined as those that were shriveled. total_beans: Number of beans across all pods within each plant (sum of healthy, damaged, and aborted beans). healthy_beans: Number of healthy beans across all pods within each plant. Healthy beans were defined as those that were not damaged or aborted. damaged_beans: Number of damaged beans across all pods within each plant. Damaged beans were defined as those that were wafers. aborted_beans: Number of healthy beans across all pods within each plant. Healthy beans were defined as those that were not damaged or aborted. harvest_date: The date (mm/dd/yyyy) that the measurements were taken. File Name: soy pilot_2018_common garden_bean weight.csv File Description: Pod variables recorded during harvest for soybean plants within raised bed plots in a common garden pot experiment at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in 2018. Each row represents a single soybean plant on a given date. Column Descriptions: bed: The raised bed where temperature was being measured (equates to blocks). plant: The plant identification number. warming: Whether the pot experienced ambient temperatures and well watered conditions (0) or was warmed roughly 3 °C above ambient temperatures for the entire growing season and droughted for 2 weeks in July (1). bean_weight_g: Weight of all beans for each plant in grams. number_bags: Number of bags across which the beans are stored. date: The date (mm/dd/yyyy) that the measurements were taken.</p

Comparative effectiveness of mobile health smoking cessation approaches among underserved patients in primary care: Study protocol for the PROMOTE-UP trial

Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and premature death in the United States. Recent advances have led to two efficacious mobile health (mHealth) treatments for smoking cessation: iCanQuit, an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-based behavioral treatment promoting cessation through accepting triggers and committing to values; and Motiv8, a contingency management intervention promoting smoking cessation with financial incentives via biochemically verified abstinence. This study will evaluate the comparative effectiveness of the Florida Quitline, iCanQuit alone, and iCanQuit+Motiv8 in a pragmatic trial among patients who smoke in underserved primary care settings. The study will be an individually-randomized controlled trial with three arms (Florida Quitline, iCanQuit alone, iCanQuit+Motiv8 combined) conducted in multiple primary care practices affiliated with the OneFlorida+ Clinical Research Consortium. Adult patients who smoke will be randomized to one of the 3 study arms (n = 444/arm), stratified by healthcare setting (academic vs. community). The primary outcome will be 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at 6 months post-randomization. Secondary outcomes will be 12-month smoking abstinence, patient satisfaction with the interventions, and changes in patient quality of life and self-efficacy. The study will also assess how and for whom the interventions help sub-group patients in achieving smoking abstinence by measuring theory-derived factors that mediate smoking outcome-specific baseline moderators. Results from this study will provide evidence for the comparative effectiveness of mHealth smoking cessation interventions in healthcare settings. Use of mHealth interventions can make smoking cessation resources more equitably accessible and have far-reaching impact on community and population health. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05415761, Registered 13 June 2022

Plant size, latitude, and phylogeny explain within-population variability in herbivory

Interactions between plants and herbivores are central in most ecosystems, but their strength is highly variable. The amount of variability within a system is thought to influence most aspects of plant-herbivore biology, from ecological stability to plant defense evolution. Our understanding of what influences variability, however, is limited by sparse data. We collected standardized surveys of herbivory for 503 plant species at 790 sites across 116° of latitude. With these data, we show that within-population variability in herbivory increases with latitude, decreases with plant size, and is phylogenetically structured. Differences in the magnitude of variability are thus central to how plant-herbivore biology varies across macroscale gradients. We argue that increased focus on interaction variability will advance understanding of patterns of life on Earth