3,847 research outputs found
Mechanical Unfolding of a Simple Model Protein Goes Beyond the Reach of One-Dimensional Descriptions
We study the mechanical unfolding of a simple model protein. The Langevin
dynamics results are analyzed using Markov-model methods which allow to
describe completely the configurational space of the system. Using transition
path theory we also provide a quantitative description of the unfolding
pathways followed by the system. Our study shows a complex dynamical scenario.
In particular, we see that the usual one-dimensional picture: free-energy vs
end-to-end distance representation, gives a misleading description of the
process. Unfolding can occur following different pathways and configurations
which seem to play a central role in one-dimensional pictures are not the
intermediate states of the unfolding dynamics.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Energy versus information based estimations of dissipation using a pair of magnetic colloidal particles
Using the framework of stochastic thermodynamics, we present an experimental
study of a doublet of magnetic colloidal particles which is manipulated by a
time-dependent magnetic field. Due to hydrodynamic interactions, each bead
experiences a state-dependent friction, which we characterize using a
hydrodynamic model. In this work, we compare two estimates of the dissipation
in this system: the first one is energy based since it relies on the measured
interaction potential, while the second one is information based since it uses
only the information content of the trajectories. While the latter only offers
a lower bound of the former, we find it to be simple to implement and of
general applicability to more complex systems.Comment: Main text: 5 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary material: 5 pages, 5
figure
Physics Potential of Very Intense Conventional Neutrino Beams
The physics potential of high intensity conventional beams is explored. We
consider a low energy super beam which could be produced by a proposed new
accelerator at CERN, the Super Proton Linac. Water Cherenkov and liquid oil
scintillator detectors are studied as possible candidates for a neutrino
oscillation experiment which could improve our current knowledge of the
atmospheric parameters and measure or severely constrain the parameter
connecting the atmospheric and solar realms. It is also shown that a very large
water detector could eventually observe leptonic CP violation. The reach of
such an experiment to the neutrino mixing parameters would lie in-between the
next generation of neutrino experiments (MINOS, OPERA, etc) and a future
neutrino factory.Comment: Talk given at the Venice Conference on Neutrino Telescopes, Venice,
March, 200
Distance distribution in random graphs and application to networks exploration
We consider the problem of determining the proportion of edges that are
discovered in an Erdos-Renyi graph when one constructs all shortest paths from
a given source node to all other nodes. This problem is equivalent to the one
of determining the proportion of edges connecting nodes that are at identical
distance from the source node. The evolution of this quantity with the
probability of existence of the edges exhibits intriguing oscillatory behavior.
In order to perform our analysis, we introduce a new way of computing the
distribution of distances between nodes. Our method outperforms previous
similar analyses and leads to estimates that coincide remarkably well with
numerical simulations. It allows us to characterize the phase transitions
appearing when the connectivity probability varies.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures (18 .eps files
Physics Potential of the SPL Super Beam
Performances of a neutrino beam generated by the CERN SPL proton driver are
computed considering a 440 kton water Cerenkov detector at 130 km from the
target. sensitivity down to and a
sensitivity comparable to a Neutrino Factory, for ,
are within the reach of such a project.Comment: Invited talk at the Nufact02 Workshop, Imperial College of Science,
Technology and Medicine, London, July 200
Information and Discrimination from b Quark Production on Z Resonance
We introduce and define operatively in a model independent way a new ``heavy"
b-vertexparameter, , that can be derived from the measurement of a
special polarization asymmetry for production of b-quarks on Z resonance. We
show that the combination of the measurement of with that of a second
and previously defined ``heavy" b-vertex parameter can
discriminate a number of models of New Physics that remain associated to
different ``trajectories" in the plane of the variations of the two parameters.
This is shown in particular for some popular SUSY and technicolor-type models.
In general, this discrimination is possible if a measurement of
\underline{both} parameters is performed.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures available by air mail upon request, (e-mail
[email protected] PM/94-04, UTS-DFT-94-02 .( revised version
with corrected references
A New Technique for Determining the Properties of a Narrow -channel Resonance at a Muon Collider
We explore an alternative to the usual procedure of scanning for determining
the properties of a narrow -channel resonance. By varying the beam energy
resolution while sitting on the resonance peak, the width and branching ratios
of the resonance can be determined. The statistical accuracy achieved is
superior to that of the usual scan procedure in the case of a light SM-like
Higgs boson with \mh>130\gev or for the lightest pseudogoldstone boson of a
strong electroweak breaking model if \mpzero>150\gev.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Application of a multibeam echosounder to document changes in animal movement and behaviour around a tidal turbine structure
Acknowledgements We acknowledge the support of Shaun Fraser, Vladimir Nikora, James Waggitt, Paul Bell, Ian Davies, Eric Armstrong, and staff at Marine Scotland Science and the European Marine Energy Centre. Hydrodynamic model data were provided by Pierre Cazenave and Ricardo Torres (Plymouth Marine Laboratory). The constructive and extensive comments from three reviewers of an earlier version of this manuscript are gratefully acknowledged. Funding This work was funded by NERC and Defra (NE/J004308/1, NE/J004200/1, NE/J004332/1, NE/N01765X/1), a NERC MREKEP Internship, Innovate UK KTP (KTP009812), and the UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategyâs offshore energy Strategic Environmental Assessment programme.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Urban Gravity: a Model for Intercity Telecommunication Flows
We analyze the anonymous communication patterns of 2.5 million customers of a
Belgian mobile phone operator. Grouping customers by billing address, we build
a social network of cities, that consists of communications between 571 cities
in Belgium. We show that inter-city communication intensity is characterized by
a gravity model: the communication intensity between two cities is proportional
to the product of their sizes divided by the square of their distance
Detecting modules in dense weighted networks with the Potts method
We address the problem of multiresolution module detection in dense weighted
networks, where the modular structure is encoded in the weights rather than
topology. We discuss a weighted version of the q-state Potts method, which was
originally introduced by Reichardt and Bornholdt. This weighted method can be
directly applied to dense networks. We discuss the dependence of the resolution
of the method on its tuning parameter and network properties, using sparse and
dense weighted networks with built-in modules as example cases. Finally, we
apply the method to data on stock price correlations, and show that the
resulting modules correspond well to known structural properties of this
correlation network.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures. v2: 1 figure added, 1 reference added, minor
changes. v3: 3 references added, minor change
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