Les droits de l’homme, un instrument politique au service de l’Ostpolitik des chrétiens-démocrates dans les années 1980

Durant les années 1970, les droits de l’homme deviennent un concept dominant de la politique internationale. Faire appel aux droits de l’homme, c’est se servir d’une notion à géométrie variable, d’une expression qui peut véhiculer des idées très différentes même si intrinsèquement sa portée se veut universelle. Dans le contexte de la dernière décennie de la guerre froide, les chrétiens-démocrates et chrétiens-sociaux (CDU/CSU) s’emparent souvent de la thématique des droits de l’homme à des fins politiques. Le présent article se propose de définir les raisons ainsi que les moyens utilisés par la CDU/CSU pour justifier et légitimer cette instrumentalisation dans le cadre de leur politique envers les pays de l’Est.Die siebziger Jahre werden häufig als Jahrzehnt des Durchbruchs der Menschenrechte zu einem globalen Leitbegriff interpretiert. Die Menschenrechte sind durch ihre Vielgestaltigkeit gekennzeichnet, sie können als ein semantisch offenes Vehikel unterschiedliche Ideen transportieren und unterschiedlichen politischen Anliegen Ausdruck verleihen. Im Kontext des Kalten Krieges instrumentalisierten die Unionsparteien (CDU/CSU) die Menschenrechte für ihre politische Zwecke. Am Beispiel der Ostpolitik der Unionsparteien soll hier der Gebrauch der Menschenrechte untersucht werden

Statistical relational learning with soft quantifiers

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. Quantification in statistical relational learning (SRL) is either existential or universal, however humans might be more inclined to express knowledge using soft quantifiers, such as “most” and “a few”. In this paper, we define the syntax and semantics of PSLQ, a new SRL framework that supports reasoning with soft quantifiers, and present its most probable explanation (MPE) inference algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, PSLQ is the first SRL framework that combines soft quantifiers with first-order logic rules for modeling uncertain relational data. Our experimental results for link prediction in social trust networks demonstrate that the use of soft quantifiers not only allows for a natural and intuitive formulation of domain knowledge, but also improves the accuracy of inferred results.status: publishe

High-throughput fabrication of vascularized adipose microtissues for 3D bioprinting

For patients with soft tissue defects, repair with autologous in vitro engineered adipose tissue could be a promising alternative to current surgical therapies. A volume-persistent engineered adipose tissue construct under in vivo conditions can only be achieved by early vascularization after transplantation. The combination of 3D bioprinting technology with self-assembling microvascularized units as building blocks can potentially answer the need for a microvascular network. In the present study, co-culture spheroids combining adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were created with an ideal geometry for bioprinting. When applying the favourable seeding technique and condition, compact viable spheroids were obtained, demonstrating high adipogenic differentiation and capillary-like network formation after 7 and 14 days of culture, as shown by live/dead analysis, immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. Moreover, we were able to successfully 3D bioprint the encapsulated spheroids, resulting in compact viable spheroids presenting capillary-like structures, lipid droplets and spheroid outgrowth after 14 days of culture. This is the first study that generates viable high-throughput (pre-)vascularized adipose microtissues as building blocks for bioprinting applications using a novel ASC/HUVEC co-culture spheroid model, which enables both adipogenic differentiation while simultaneously supporting the formation of prevascular-like structures within engineered tissues in vitro.status: publishe

High-throughput fabrication of vascularized adipose microtissues for 3D bioprinting

For patients with soft tissue defects, repair with autologous in vitro engineered adipose tissue could be a promising alternative to current surgical therapies. A volume-persistent engineered adipose tissue construct under in vivo conditions can only be achieved by early vascularization after transplantation. The combination of 3D bioprinting technology with self-assembling microvascularized units as building blocks can potentially answer the need for a microvascular network. In the present study, co-culture spheroids combining adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were created with an ideal geometry for bioprinting. When applying the favourable seeding technique and condition, compact viable spheroids were obtained, demonstrating high adipogenic differentiation and capillary-like network formation after 7 and 14 days of culture, as shown by live/dead analysis, immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. Moreover, we were able to successfully 3D bioprint the encapsulated spheroids, resulting in compact viable spheroids presenting capillary-like structures, lipid droplets and spheroid outgrowth after 14 days of culture. This is the first study that generates viable high-throughput (pre-)vascularized adipose microtissues as building blocks for bioprinting applications using a novel ASC/HUVEC co-culture spheroid model, which enables both adipogenic differentiation while simultaneously supporting the formation of prevascular-like structures within engineered tissues in vitro