15,511 research outputs found
Acoustic emission analysis as a non-destructive test procedure for fiber compound structures
The concept of acoustic emission analysis is explained in scientific terms. The detection of acoustic events, their localization, damage discrimination, and event summation curves are discussed. A block diagram of the concept of damage-free testing of fiber-reinforced synthetic materials is depicted. Prospects for application of the concept are assessed
The Elusive p-air Cross Section
For the \pbar p and systems, we have used all of the extensive data of
the Particle Data Group[K. Hagiwara {\em et al.} (Particle Data Group), Phys.
Rev. D 66, 010001 (2002).]. We then subject these data to a screening process,
the ``Sieve'' algorithm[M. M. Block, physics/0506010.], in order to eliminate
``outliers'' that can skew a fit. With the ``Sieve'' algorithm, a
robust fit using a Lorentzian distribution is first made to all of the data to
sieve out abnormally high \delchi, the individual i point's
contribution to the total . The fits are then made to the
sieved data. We demonstrate that we cleanly discriminate between asymptotic
and behavior of total hadronic cross sections when we require
that these amplitudes {\em also} describe, on average, low energy data
dominated by resonances. We simultaneously fit real analytic amplitudes to the
``sieved'' high energy measurements of and total cross sections
and -values for GeV, while requiring that their asymptotic
fits smoothly join the the and total cross
sections at 4.0 GeV--again {\em both} in magnitude and slope. Our
results strongly favor a high energy fit, basically excluding a fit. Finally, we make a screened Glauber fit for the p-air cross section,
using as input our precisely-determined cross sections at cosmic ray
energies.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, 2 table,Paper delivered at c2cr2005 Conference,
Prague, September 7-13, 2005. Fig. 2 was missing from V1. V3 fixes all
figure
Adaptive Ising Model and Bacterial Chemotactic Receptor Network
We present a so-called adaptive Ising model (AIM) to provide a unifying
explanation for sensitivity and perfect adaptation in bacterial chemotactic
signalling, based on coupling among receptor dimers. In an AIM, an external
field, representing ligand binding, is randomly applied to a fraction of spins,
representing the states of the receptor dimers, and there is a delayed negative
feedback from the spin value on the local field. This model is solved in an
adiabatic approach. If the feedback is slow and weak enough, as indeed in
chemotactic signalling, the system evolves through quasi-equilibrium states and
the ``magnetization'', representing the signal, always attenuates towards zero
and is always sensitive to a subsequent stimulus.Comment: revtex, final version to appear in Europhysics Letter
Measurements of farfield sound generation from a flow-excited cavity
Results of 1/3-octave-band spectral measurements of internal pressures and the external acoustic field of a tangentially blown rectangular cavity are compared. Proposed mechanisms for sound generation are reviewed, and spectra and directivity plots of cavity noise are presented. Directivity plots show a slightly modified monopole pattern. Frequencies of cavity response are calculated using existing predictions and are compared with those obtained experimentally. The effect of modifying the upstream boundary layer on the noise was investigated, and its effectiveness was found to be a function of cavity geometry and flow velocity
Evaluation of the Langley 4- by 7-meter tunnel for propeller noise measurements
An experimental and theoretical evaluation of the Langley 4- by 7- Meter Tunnel was conducted to determine its suitability for obtaining propeller noise data. The tunnel circuit and open test section are described. An experimental evaluation is performed using microphones placed in and on the tunnel floor. The reflection characteristics and background noise are determined. The predicted source (propeller) near-field/far-field boundary is given using a first-principles method. The effect of the tunnel-floor boundry layer on the noise from the propeller is also predicted. A propeller test stand used for part of his evaluation is also described. The measured propeller performance characteristics are compared with those obtained at a larger scale, and the effect of the test-section configuration on the propeller performance is examined. Finally, propeller noise measurements were obtained on an eight-bladed SR-2 propeller operating at angles of attack -8 deg, 0 deg, and 4.6 deg to give an indication of attainable signal-to-noise ratios
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Comprehensive sequence-to-function mapping of cofactor-dependent RNA catalysis in the glmS ribozyme.
Massively parallel, quantitative measurements of biomolecular activity across sequence space can greatly expand our understanding of RNA sequence-function relationships. We report the development of an RNA-array assay to perform such measurements and its application to a model RNA: the core glmS ribozyme riboswitch, which performs a ligand-dependent self-cleavage reaction. We measure the cleavage rates for all possible single and double mutants of this ribozyme across a series of ligand concentrations, determining kcat and KM values for active variants. These systematic measurements suggest that evolutionary conservation in the consensus sequence is driven by maintenance of the cleavage rate. Analysis of double-mutant rates and associated mutational interactions produces a structural and functional mapping of the ribozyme sequence, revealing the catalytic consequences of specific tertiary interactions, and allowing us to infer structural rearrangements that permit certain sequence variants to maintain activity
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