Determinación de la nacionalidad de la entidad jurídica sobre la base de la teoría del control

The purpose of this article is to analyze the theory of control as a specific method of determining the nationality of a legal entity in international private law. The search for the definition and content of the control theory is usually accompanied by the statement that, unlike all other theories, the application of this theory takes into account not the legal entity itself as a whole, but the nationality of natural persons behind it (founders, participants). On the basis of the present study, it can be concluded that the theory of control is an exceptional and the only method guaranteeing the determination of the real nationality of the legal person with a view to conferring on it certain rights (benefits, privileges). This also coincides with the protection of state sovereignty and national security as confirmed by numerous examples from practice.El propósito de este artículo es analizar la teoría del control como un método específico para determinar la nacionalidad de una entidad jurídica en el derecho privado internacional. La búsqueda de la definición y el contenido de la teoría de control suele ir acompañada de la afirmación de que, a diferencia de todas las demás teorías, la aplicación de esta teoría no tiene en cuenta la entidad jurídica en sí, sino la nacionalidad de las personas físicas que la respaldan (fundadores, participantes). Sobre la base del presente estudio, se puede concluir que la teoría del control es un método excepcional y único que garantiza la determinación de la nacionalidad real de la persona jurídica con el fin de conferirle ciertos derechos (beneficios, privilegios). Esto también coincide con la protección de la soberanía estatal y la seguridad nacional, como lo confirman numerosos ejemplos de la práctica

Key Corporate Sustainability Assessment Methods for Coal Companies

Many businesses view sustainability issues as important and design corporate sustainability strategies. However, creating such a strategy does not mean the company will progress in sustainable development because the factors influencing businesses remain largely unexplored. Based on a review of studies on corporate sustainability, we identified the major factors affecting any company’s sustainability. They include government regulation, imperfect management, interaction with stakeholders, corporate self-regulation and self-reflection, and the regulatory framework, and can be consolidated into two groups. We also analyzed the groups of methods that can be used to assess a company’s sustainability: traditional corporate sustainability assessment methods, circular economy assessment methods, ESG assessment methods, and non-financial performance indicators. For each group of methods, limitations were identified, and it was concluded that corporate sustainability assessments should factor in the environment in which the company operates. As part of this study, a lack of methods for assessing the corporate sustainability of coal companies was revealed, along with insufficient consideration of industrial factors in the prior literature. These factors are responsible for incorrect corporate sustainability assessments in the coal industry. Taking into account the division of Russian coal companies into three types (energy companies, metal manufacturers, and coal producers) and the aspects of their functioning against the backdrop of economic restrictions (including sanctions and embargoes), the authors prove that each group of companies requires an individual corporate sustainability assessment methodology

Medium Term Scenario Forecast Of The Rural Population In Russia

The main objective of the study was to develop a number and structure forecast of the rural population in Russia (2020-2040), based on the scenario approach. Predictive modeling of alternative scenarios of demographic development of the village was conducted in accordance with the phases of the national priorities and strategic objectives in the field of population development. Seven scenarios of the demographic development of the Russian village until 2040 were developed, simulating the change of parameters of fertility, a death rate, and migration, determining population dynamics and structure of the rural population. According to the received information, the rural population of the Russian Federation could be decreased from 37.1 million people (2014) to 29, 3-34, 7 million people (2040). In this case, all the scenarios show decrease in people of the working age and women of childbearing age. It was noted that the reduction of the working-age rural population limits opportunities for the rural areas economic development, and the measures of the active population policies have a short-term effect. The study shows that an additional set of measures of the active population policy, considering the inertia of the processes of the population reproduction, is advised to be implemented before 201

Analyzing the Concept of Corporate Sustainability in the Context of Sustainable Business Development in the Mining Sector with Elements of Circular Economy

Promoting the concept and principles of sustainable development at the micro level requires that industrial companies understand and improve approaches to managing corporate sustainability. Currently, economics does not provide a universal definition of what corporate sustainability is. With regard to the mining sector, corporate sustainability issues reflecting the viability, value, and sustainable development potential of companies have not yet been studied extensively. The article discusses the conceptual foundations of corporate sustainability; the characteristics and a classification of approaches to defining corporate sustainability; and the relationship between corporate sustainability, sustainable development at the micro level, and circular economy. By analyzing the example of Russia, the influence of the mining industry on the environmental, economic, and social development of both a country with a resource-based economy and individual mining regions is shown from the viewpoint of sustainability. The distinguishing features of mining companies, which include natural capital and mineral assets, are studied in the context of promoting corporate sustainability. It is proven that the effective corporate management of ESG factors results in environmental and social influence that goes in line with sustainable development requirements and serves as a foundation for corporate sustainability. A refined definition of corporate sustainability has been formulated, the specific features of corporate sustainability management in mining companies have been determined, and the specific features of corporate social responsibility have been studied. The issue of integrating circular economy elements into the corporate sustainability concept is discussed, and it is claimed that the inclusion of circular business models in the corporate strategies of mining companies will contribute to their corporate sustainable development and boost their contribution to the achievement of sustainable development goals

Damages of Cardiovascular System at Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I: Clinical Cases

Background. Cardiac involvement in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type I, or Hurler syndrome, has various phenotypes.Clinical Case Description. In the first case symptoms were indicative of acute severe heart failure which was confirmed by laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods. Left heart chambers dilatation and left ventricular hypocontractility were revealed on echocardiography. Atypical disease course with no improvement on multicomponent therapy of heart failure let us to think about metabolic disease, so we confirmed it with tandem mass spectrometry and molecular genetic testing. Therefore this led to timely enzyme replacement therapy onset and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation that positively affect the disease outcome. The second case showed classic course of MPS I. Its clinical signs such as musculoskeletal and ENT-organ manifestations allowed us to diagnosis and later confirm it by tandem mass spectrometry and molecular genetic testing at the age of 3. The cardiac pathology presented by mitral valve leaflets thickening and 2nd degree regurgitation has been diagnosed later. In our view, early treatment onset should slow down the progression of heart damage.Conclusion. Several clinical variants of cardiac pathology at MPS I are presented. The need of constant cardiovascular system monitoring in children with MPS I is shown. It is also mentioned that cardiac pathology can be the first manifestation of the disease

Study of the Relationship between the Average Annual Temperature of Atmospheric Air and the Number of Tick-Bitten Humans in the North of European Russia

In recent decades, a considerable increase in the number of tick-bitten humans has been recorded in the north of European Russia. At the same time, significant climatic changes, such as an increase in air temperature, were noticed in this region. The northern border of the ixodidae distribution area lies in the north of European Russia, therefore the analysis of the population dynamics is of particular interest regarding the possible impact of the climate changes. Unfortunately, in such a large territory field, studies on tick abundance are very difficult. In our study, the official statistics for the number of tick-bitten humans were used. This kind of statistical analysis has been conducted in the Russian Federation for many years, and can be used for the estimation of climate change impact on tick abundance. Statistical data on tick-bitten humans have been collected in three large regions for several decades. For the same regions, the average annual air temperature was calculated and modeled. An S-shaped distribution of the number of victims depending on the average annual air temperature was established, which can be described as "Verhulst's law", or logistic function. However, the development of the population does not depend on time, but on the temperature of the ambient air

Study of the Relationship between the Average Annual Temperature of Atmospheric Air and the Number of Tick-Bitten Humans in the North of European Russia

In recent decades, a considerable increase in the number of tick-bitten humans has been recorded in the north of European Russia. At the same time, significant climatic changes, such as an increase in air temperature, were noticed in this region. The northern border of the ixodidae distribution area lies in the north of European Russia, therefore the analysis of the population dynamics is of particular interest regarding the possible impact of the climate changes. Unfortunately, in such a large territory field, studies on tick abundance are very difficult. In our study, the official statistics for the number of tick-bitten humans were used. This kind of statistical analysis has been conducted in the Russian Federation for many years, and can be used for the estimation of climate change impact on tick abundance. Statistical data on tick-bitten humans have been collected in three large regions for several decades. For the same regions, the average annual air temperature was calculated and modeled. An S-shaped distribution of the number of victims depending on the average annual air temperature was established, which can be described as "Verhulst's law", or logistic function. However, the development of the population does not depend on time, but on the temperature of the ambient air

Evaluating Germplasm of Cultivated Oat Species from the VIR Collection under the Russian Northwest Conditions

Oat is one of the most widespread and important cereal crops in the global agricultural production. Searching for new high-yielding and nutritious forms continues to be relevant, especially under the global trend of climate change, when most local oat cultivars may become economically inefficient. Spring oat accessions from VIR collection served as the material for this study; their origin is diverse, as they came from 11 countries. The basic nutritional value (the content of protein, oil, starch, and β-glucans) and characters important for breeding (plant height, panicle length, number of spikelets, number of grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, and grain yield) were analyzed in 49 accessions of the cultivated covered oat species: Avena sativa L., A. strigosa Schreb., A. abyssinica Hochst., and A. byzantina Coch., grown under the conditions of the Russian Northwest (Leningrad Province) for two years. Variability parameters, interspecific and intervarietal differences, and the effect of weather conditions were assessed. Sources of useful agronomic traits were identified; they can be used to expand the range of the source material for the development of new high-yielding and highly nutritious oat cultivars adapted to local cultivation conditions. It is demonstrated that the VIR collection has a great potential for contemporary food and feed production and for the breeding of new oat cultivars for various purposes. Thus, the contribution of Nikolai Vavilov to the plant genetic resources investigation for the benefit of humanity is invaluable