\u3ci\u3eSteganoderma\u3c/i\u3e Stafford, 1904 (Digenea: Zoogonidae: Lepidophyllinae) from Two Species of Rockfishes from Deep Waters off Oregon Including a New Species and an Updated Key to Species of This Genus

Steganoderma eamiqtrema n. sp. and a single unidentified specimen of Steganoderma Stafford, 1904 (Zoogonidae: Lepidophyllinae) obtained from the intestine of the greenstriped rockfish, Sebastes elongatus Ayres, 1859, and the flag rockfish, Sebastes rubrivinctus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) (Scorpaeniformes: Sebastidae), collected from 190–200 m depths off Oregon, USA, are described. The new species is distinguished from its seven other congeners by a diagnostic combination of morphological features including an elongate oval to spindle-shaped body, a clavate to comma-shaped cirrus pouch located in the forebody and hindbody, a bipartite seminal vesicle, a bifurcal or just post-bifurcal genital pore, a larger ventral than oral sucker, and a smooth testes and ovary with a relatively small distance between them. We present an updated key to the eight species now in Steganoderma and provide a list of parasites known from Se. elongatus and Se. rubrivinctus. The discovery of S. eamiqtrema in Se. elongatus represents the second species of zoogonid known from this host, and the finding of Steganoderma sp. in Se. rubrivinctus represents the first report of a digenean from this host species. A detailed discussion also is given of the type species, S. formosum Stafford, 1904, and questions are raised as to whether this species has a worldwide distribution and infects such a wide variety of fish hosts. We present evidence including variation we observed in redescriptions of the type species, query the implausible idea that there could be gene flow between conspecific helminths geographically separated in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans over such a vast geological period, and offer the possibility that some prior reports of S. formosum may, indeed, be S. eamiqtrema; all of which suggests S. formosum sensu lato may be part of a species complex and not the same worldwide species. Steganoderma is represented in the deep sea by S. eamiqtrema, S. formosum, and Steganoderma sp., and limited speculation is given as to the host specificity of this genus and life history strategies of the new species in deeper waters. Finally, molecular studies of species of Steganoderma are sorely needed (i.e., there is no DNA sequence data currently available in GenBank for any species of this genus), and we suspect that with further molecular, morphological, and life history work, this genus will be taxonomically divided up

Endohelminths of a Snake Mackerel, Gempylus serpens (Trichiuroidea: Gempylidae), from the Gulf of Mexico

Endohelminths are reported from a female snake mackerel, Gempylus serpens (Trichiuroidea: Gempylidae), captured from a depth of 61 m in the Gulf of Mexico 140 km south of the mouth of Mobile Bay, AL, in August 1998. A diverse endohelminth parasite fauna was found: 29 plerocercoid type I tetraphyllideans from the lower intestine; 4 didymozoid metacercariae allocated to the collective group Monilicaecum and one didymozoid metacercaria of the collective group Torticaecum from the pyloric cecum; one juvenile Gonocerca phycidis from the stomach; and 5 larvae (L3 stage) comprising 3 species of Anisakis from the pyloric cecum. These nematodes were identified as species of Anisakis due to the presence of an oblong ventriculus lacking an appendix, no intestinal cecum or interlabia, 3 lips with dentigerous ridges, and an excretory pore located between the lateroventral lips. Differences in overall size and in the lengths of the ventriculus and esophagus in relation to total body length were used to distinguish the 3 species of Anisakis collected. Seven specimens of a possibly unnamed species of parasitic copepod representing Bomolochus infected the gill chamber. Stomach contents included 6 early-juvenile flatfish (Pleuronectiformes). All of the helminths are measured and illustrated, and for some of the parasites recovered, we are unaware of any reports from this host species

\u3ci\u3eBolbophorus damnificus\u3c/i\u3e n. sp. (Digenea: Bolbophoridae) from the Channel Catfish \u3ci\u3eIctalurus punctatus\u3c/i\u3e and American White Pelican \u3ci\u3ePelecanus erythrorhynchos\u3c/i\u3e in the USA Based on Life-Cycle and Molecular Data

The common pathogenic prodiplostomulum metacercaria in the flesh, mostly near the skin, of pond-produced channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus has been demonstrated to be Bolbophorus damnificus Overstreet & Curran n. sp. The catfish acquires the infection from the snail Planorbella trivolvis, the only known first intermediate host, and the species is perpetuated through the American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, as confirmed by experimental infections with nestling and dewormed adult pelican specimens in conjunction with molecular data. It differs from the cryptic species Bolbophorus sp., also found concurrently in the American white pelican, by having eggs 123–129 μm rather than 100–112 μm long and consistent low values for nucleotide percentage sequence similarity comparing COI, ITS 1/2, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA fragments. Bolbophorus sp. is comparable but most likely distinct from B. confusus (Kraus, 1914), which occurs in Europe and has eggs 90–102 μm long. Its intermediate hosts were not demonstrated. The adults of neither of the confirmed North American species of Bolbophorus were encountered in any bird other than a pelican, although several shore birds feed on infected catfish, and B. damnificus can survive but not mature when protected in the mouse abdominal cavity. B. ictaluri (Haderlie, 1953) Overstreet & Curran n. comb., a species different from B. damnificus, is considered a species inquirenda

\u3ci\u3eGaharitrema droneni\u3c/i\u3e n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Zoogonidae: Lepidophyllinae) from the Pudgy Cuskeel, \u3ci\u3eSpectrunculus grandis\u3c/i\u3e (Ophidiiformes: Ophidiidae), from Deep Waters off Oregon, with Updates Keys to Zoogonid Subfamilies and Genera

Gaharitrema droneni n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Zoogonidae: Lepidophyllinae) is described from the intestine of the pudgy cuskeel, Spectrunculus grandis (Gu¨ nther, 1877) (Ophidiiformes: Ophidiidae), collected at 2,800 m depth from the northeastern Pacific Ocean off Oregon. The new genus is distinguished from Brachyenteron Manter, 1934 and Steganoderma Stafford, 1904, the 2 closest lepidophylline genera, and from 4 other zoogonid genera erected since 2007, the last major revision of the family, by a combination of diagnostic features including a pyriform or spindle-shaped body, smooth testes and ovary, narrow ceca that reach with the vitellarium into the hindbody, an unspecialized ventral sucker, non-filamented eggs, a claviform cirrus pouch, and an unpocketed ejaculatory duct and metraterm, and the new genus lacks circumoral spines. We present updated keys to the 3 subfamilies of the Zoogonidae Odhner, 1902, as well as to the genera of the Cephaloporinae Yamaguti, 1934 and the Lepidophyllinae Stossich, 1903. A listing of the parasites known from S. grandis also is presented. This study documents the third family of digeneans (Zoogonidae) known to parasitize S. grandis, and it is a new host record (i.e., the first zoogonid reported from this host species). We discuss the relatively impressive presence of the Zoogonidae and their hosts within the deep sea. Specifically, of the 35 genera we recognize within this digenean family, 14 (40%) have deep-sea representatives. At least 37 species within 27 genera and 19 families within 11 orders of deep-sea fish are known to harbor zoogonids. Furthermore, of the 37 known deep-sea fish species parasitized by zoogonids, only 5 (13.5%) harbor 2 or more zoogonid species; the remaining 32 (86.5%) harbor only 1 parasite species each, indicating strong host specificity. Finally, the dietary ecology of S. grandis is presented, allowing us to speculate that Gaharitrema droneni may be utilizing gastropods and polychaetes as well as S. grandis to complete its life cycle in the deep sea

\u3ci\u3eNagmia rodmani\u3c/i\u3e n. sp., \u3ci\u3eNagmia cisloi\u3c/i\u3e n. sp. and \u3ci\u3eProbolitrema richiardii\u3c/i\u3e (López, 1888) (Gorgoderidae: Anaporrhutinae) from Elasmobranchs in the Gulf of California, Mexico

The generic diagnosis of Nagmia Nagaty, 1930, is emended to include species having some vitelline follicles extending into the extracecal space. Two new species belonging in the genus are described from the Gulf of California: Nagmia rodmani n. sp. from the body cavity of the giant electric ray, Narcine entemedor Jordan and Starks, 1895, and Nagmia cisloi n. sp. from the body cavity of the smoothtail mobula, Mobula thurstoni (Lloyd, 1908). Both species are distinguished from each other and the 13 other known congeners by the number of testicular follicles, ratio of widths of oral sucker to ventral sucker, and position of the vitelline follicles relative to the ceca. Nagmia rodmani is distinct based on the combined features: 12-17 follicles per testis, sucker width ratio of 1:1.7-2.0, vitelline follicles extending into the extracecal space, and the excretory vesicle being I-shaped and lacking perpendicular lateral branches along the main stem. Nagmia cisloi is distinct based on the combined features: 23-26 follicles per testis, body measuring 13.4 mm long by 14.6 mm wide, eggs measuring 47-48 μm long by 43-47 μm wide, and the excretory vesicle is I-shaped and has lateral perpendicular branches along the main stem. Supplemental data are provided for the anaporrhutine species Probolitrema richiardii (López, 1888) collected from a variety of rays in the Gulf of California. Our specimens are indistinguishable from those described as Probolitrema californiense Stunkard, 1935, and Probolitrema mexicana Markell (1956), both of which previously had been synonymized under P. richiardii. Checklists of parasites reported from N. entemedor and M. thurstoni are provided

Patagifer lamothei n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae: Nephrostominae) from the white ibis Eudocimus albus (Threskiornithidae) from Texas, USA Patagifer lamothei n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae: Nephrostominae) del ibis blanco Eudocimus albus (Threkiorni

Abstract. During a study of the endohelminths of wading birds from the Texas Gulf coast, 12 specimens of an undescribed species of Patagifer Dietz, 1909 (Echinostomatidae: Nephrostominae) were collected from 2 of 8 white ibis, Eudocimus albus (Linnaeus) (Threskiornithidae), from the Galveston and Brazos County areas of Texas, USA. Patagifer lamothei n. sp. can be distinguished from P. bilobus (Rudolphi, 1819), P. brygooi Key words: Digenea, Echinostomatidae, Patagifer lamothei n. sp., Eudocimus albus, white ibis, Texas, USA. Resumen. En un estudio de endohelmintos de aves de los humedales de la costa de Texas, se recolectaron 12 ejemplares de una especie no descrita de Patagifer Dietz, 1909 (Echinostomatidae: Nephrostominae) en 2 ibis blancos de 8 examinados Eudocimus albus (Linnaeus) (Threskiornithidae) procedentes de los condados de Galveston y Brazos, Texas, EUA. Patagifer lamothei n. sp. se puede distinguir de P. bilobus (Rudolphi, 1819), P. brygoo

Updated keys to the genera in the subfamilies of Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902, including a reconsideration of species assignments, species keys and the proposal of a new genus in Szidatitreminae Dronen, 2007

Dronen, Norman O., Blend, Charles K. (2015): Updated keys to the genera in the subfamilies of Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902, including a reconsideration of species assignments, species keys and the proposal of a new genus in Szidatitreminae Dronen, 2007. Zootaxa 4053 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4053.1.

\u3ci\u3eSteganoderma\u3c/i\u3e Stafford, 1904 (Digenea: Zoogonidae: Lepidophyllinae) from Two Species of Rockfishes from Deep Waters off Oregon Including a New Species and an Updated Key to Species of This Genus

Steganoderma eamiqtrema n. sp. and a single unidentified specimen of Steganoderma Stafford, 1904 (Zoogonidae: Lepidophyllinae) obtained from the intestine of the greenstriped rockfish, Sebastes elongatus Ayres, 1859, and the flag rockfish, Sebastes rubrivinctus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) (Scorpaeniformes: Sebastidae), collected from 190–200 m depths off Oregon, USA, are described. The new species is distinguished from its seven other congeners by a diagnostic combination of morphological features including an elongate oval to spindle-shaped body, a clavate to comma-shaped cirrus pouch located in the forebody and hindbody, a bipartite seminal vesicle, a bifurcal or just post-bifurcal genital pore, a larger ventral than oral sucker, and a smooth testes and ovary with a relatively small distance between them. We present an updated key to the eight species now in Steganoderma and provide a list of parasites known from Se. elongatus and Se. rubrivinctus. The discovery of S. eamiqtrema in Se. elongatus represents the second species of zoogonid known from this host, and the finding of Steganoderma sp. in Se. rubrivinctus represents the first report of a digenean from this host species. A detailed discussion also is given of the type species, S. formosum Stafford, 1904, and questions are raised as to whether this species has a worldwide distribution and infects such a wide variety of fish hosts. We present evidence including variation we observed in redescriptions of the type species, query the implausible idea that there could be gene flow between conspecific helminths geographically separated in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans over such a vast geological period, and offer the possibility that some prior reports of S. formosum may, indeed, be S. eamiqtrema; all of which suggests S. formosum sensu lato may be part of a species complex and not the same worldwide species. Steganoderma is represented in the deep sea by S. eamiqtrema, S. formosum, and Steganoderma sp., and limited speculation is given as to the host specificity of this genus and life history strategies of the new species in deeper waters. Finally, molecular studies of species of Steganoderma are sorely needed (i.e., there is no DNA sequence data currently available in GenBank for any species of this genus), and we suspect that with further molecular, morphological, and life history work, this genus will be taxonomically divided up