Using of Parallel Coordinates in Finding Minimum Distance in Time-Space

Airspace domain may be represented by a time-space consisting of a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system and time as the fourth dimension. A coordinate system provides a scheme for locating points given its coordinates and vice versa. The choice of coordinate system is important, as it transforms data to geometric representation. Visualization of the three and more dimensional data on the two-dimensional drawing - computer monitor is usually done by projection, which often can restrict the amount of information presented at a time. Using the parallel coordinate system is one of possibilities to present multidimensional data. The aim of this article is to describe basics of parallel coordinate system and to investigate lines and their characteristics in time-space

Pilíř 3: Podporuje bankovní regulace zájem zainteresovaných stran o finanční a rizikový profil bank?

The paper examines the interest of the commercial banks' stakeholders in Pillar 3 disclosures and their behaviour during the timing of serious market turbulence. The aim is to discover to which extent current banking regulation supports stakeholders' interest in the information required by regulators to be disclosed. The examined data consists of log files that were pre-processed using web mining techniques and from which were extracted frequent item sets by quarters and evaluated in terms of quantity. The authors have proposed a methodology to evaluate frequent item sets of web parts over a dedicated time. Based on the verification of applied methodology on two commercial banks, the results show that stakeholders' interest in disclosures is highest in the first quarter at each year and after turbulent times in 2009 their interests decreased. Moreover, the results suggest that stakeholders expressed higher interest than in regulatory required Pillar 3 information in the following group of information: Pillar3 related information, Annual reports, Information on Group. Following our results, the paper contributes to cover the gap in the research by analysing Pillar 3 disclosures and their compliance with regulatory requirements, which also increase the interest of the relevant stakeholders to conduce them as an effective market discipline tool.Článek zkoumá zájem zainteresovaných stran komerčních bank o zveřejňování informací podle 3. pilíře a jejich chování v době vážných tržních turbulencí. Cílem je zjistit, do jaké míry současná bankovní regulace podporuje zájem zainteresovaných stran o informace, jejichž zveřejnění regulátoři vyžadují. Zkoumaná data se skládají z logů, které byly předem zpracovány pomocí technik web miningu a z nichž byly extrahovány soubory častých položek podle čtvrtletí a vyhodnoceny z hlediska kvantity. Autoři navrhli metodiku vyhodnocování sad častých položek webových částí za vyhrazený čas. Na základě ověření aplikované metodiky na dvou komerčních bankách výsledky ukazují, že zájem zainteresovaných stran o zveřejňované informace je v každém roce nejvyšší v prvním čtvrtletí a po turbulentním období v roce 2009 jejich zájem poklesl. Výsledky dále naznačují, že zainteresované strany projevily vyšší zájem než o regulatorně požadované informace 3. pilíře o následující skupinu informací: Informace související s pilířem 3, Výroční zprávy, Informace o skupině. V návaznosti na naše výsledky přispívá tento článek k pokrytí mezery ve výzkumu analýzou informací zveřejňovaných v rámci Pilíře 3 a jejich souladu s regulatorními požadavky, což také zvyšuje zájem příslušných zainteresovaných stran o jejich vedení jako účinného nástroje tržní disciplíny

Estimation of P-T entrapment conditions of a subduction fluid using elastic thermobarometry: A case study from Cabo Ortegal Complex, Spain

Fluid and mineral inclusions in metamorphic rocks allow the understanding of fluid-involved processes in subduction-zones providing essential contributions to the nature of geochemical processes and element cycling in present day subduction zones. In this work, we studied ultramafic granulite from the high-pressure (HP) and high-temperature (HT) metamorphic series of the Cabo Ortegal Complex, Spain, combining quartz-in-garnet and zircon-in-garnet Raman spectroscopy-based elastic geothermobarometry with Ti-in-quartz trace element thermometry. The studied quartz and zircon inclusions occur within garnet, together with rutile and multiphase fluid inclusions (MFI). Textural evidence, like occurrence in the same 3D cluster and common intergrowth of mineral inclusions, shows that both crystal inclusions and MFI were likely entrapped simultaneously. Hence, the application of elastic thermobarometry to quartz and zircon inclusions in these rocks provides excellent opportunity to define P-T environment of entrapment. Results from Raman spectroscopy on multiple quartz and zircon inclusions showed that the remnant elastic inclusion pressure (Pinc) at room conditions for both (on average 0.51 ± 0.04 GPa and 0.72 ± 0.05 GPa for the quartz and zircon inclusions, respectively) fall within the range of 2σ uncertainty confirming the crystallization within the same growth-stage of garnet. Intersection of the entrapment isomekes is at a P-T of 1.8 ± 0.2 GPa and 880 ± 70 °C. Electron microprobe measurements on quartz inclusions from the same garnet zone show uniform Ti concentrations (45–59 ppm). Isopleths calculated from Ti-in-quartz thermometer intersect the average quartz-in-garnet isomeke within the P-T range indicated by the intersection of quartz and zircon entrapment isomekes, which is P = 1.8 ± 0.2 GPa and T = 860 ± 70 °C. Besides, we made a comparison of different reference materials applied for zircon-in-garnet elastic thermobarometry verified by independent Ti-in-quartz trace element thermometry. Our findings indicate that elastic thermobarometry on mineral inclusions provide a reliable constraint on the entrapment P-T conditions of coexisting fluid inclusions