Análisis del caso en el establecimiento "Chacras del Rey" desde la perspectiva del bienestar animal

Trabajo final integrador. (Area de Consolidación Gestión de la Producción de Agroalimentos)--UNC- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2014.La importancia de la cadena de producción de carne porcina tanto en Argentina como en la provincia de Córdoba, ha manifestado un importante crecimiento tanto en cantidad de cabezas como en establecimientos que se dedican a la producción porcina. Se suma a esto, mayor capacidad de industria de procesamiento (chacinados y salazones), y un mayor consumo de este producto. Representa una alternativa interesante desde el punto de vista económico, lo cual convierte a la cadena porcina en una oportunidad atractiva para ser evaluada como posible actividad de desarrollo por productores y empresas privadas y/o públicas a través del mayor agregado de valor y la correspondiente generación de empleo. Se planteó como objetivo de este trabajo realizar el análisis de caso del sistema de producción porcina en el establecimiento “Chacras del Rey”, desde el punto de vista del bienestar de los animales. En base al estudio realizado se propone implementar mejoras sobre el manejo de los animales tales como, realizar un sistema de cama profunda para las etapas de crecimiento-terminación de cerdos en forma grupal, suministrar los alimentos en comederos para todas las categorías, minimizar los efectos del estrés porcino mediante suplementación de minerales, construir más salas de parición , vender capones que representan mayor número de kilogramos, capacitar al personal a cargo, mantener la genética que se utiliza actualmente al igual que el plan sanitario empleado, construir un cargadero que cumpla con los requisitos de bienestar animal para una correcta carga de los animales al salir del establecimiento, todo esto con el fin de cumplir con las normas de bienestar animal aumentando la rentabilidad de la empresa

Risk Factors for Fear of Recurrence in Head and Neck Cancer Patients.

OBJECTIVE Fear of recurrence (FoR) affects the quality of life of head and neck cancer survivors. Identification of factors predisposing to FoR may help to recognize and treat patients at risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this exploratory study, 101 disease-free head and neck cancer survivors completed a cross-sectional survey in 2017 that included the FoR questionnaire at a random point in time during their follow-up. Additionally, the patients were asked to choose their favorite among four follow-up schedules with or without systematic imaging and varying frequency of visits. RESULTS Elevated FoR was present in 36.6% of patients. Females and patients ≤65 years showed significantly higher FoR overall scores than males (score difference 3.40; CI 0.49-6.32; p = 0.022) and patients >65 years (score difference 4.25; CI 1.58-6.92; p = 0.002). A history of cancer recurrence or second primary malignancy increased the relative risk (RR) for elevated FoR (RR 1.7; CI 1.01-2.86; p = 0.046). Tumor stage and treatment modality were not significantly associated with elevated FoR or FoR overall score. Higher FoR overall scores were recorded in patients who favored intensive follow-up plans (mean overall FoR score 18 vs. 15; SD 7.7; p = 0.076) and systematic imaging in follow-up (17 vs. 13, SD 7.1; p = 0.034). CONCLUSION Fear of recurrence in head and neck cancer patients is associated with female sex, younger age, and history of a past recurrence or second primary malignancy. Due to its high prevalence, it should be addressed in clinical practice and future research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A Laryngoscope, 2022

Risk Factors for Fear of Recurrence in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Objective: Fear of recurrence (FoR) affects the quality of life of head and neck cancer survivors. Identification of factors predisposing to FoR may help to recognize and treat patients at risk. Materials and methods: For this exploratory study, 101 disease-free head and neck cancer survivors completed a cross-sectional survey in 2017 that included the FoR questionnaire at a random point in time during their follow-up. Additionally, the patients were asked to choose their favorite among four follow-up schedules with or without systematic imaging and varying frequency of visits. Results: Elevated FoR was present in 36.6% of patients. Females and patients ≤65 years showed significantly higher FoR overall scores than males (score difference 3.40; CI 0.49-6.32; p = 0.022) and patients >65 years (score difference 4.25; CI 1.58-6.92; p = 0.002). A history of cancer recurrence or second primary malignancy increased the relative risk (RR) for elevated FoR (RR 1.7; CI 1.01-2.86; p = 0.046). Tumor stage and treatment modality were not significantly associated with elevated FoR or FoR overall score. Higher FoR overall scores were recorded in patients who favored intensive follow-up plans (mean overall FoR score 18 vs. 15; SD 7.7; p = 0.076) and systematic imaging in follow-up (17 vs. 13, SD 7.1; p = 0.034). Conclusion: Fear of recurrence in head and neck cancer patients is associated with female sex, younger age, and history of a past recurrence or second primary malignancy. Due to its high prevalence, it should be addressed in clinical practice and future research

Kitwood reconsidered : Personenzentrierung und die Haltung Pflegender im Umgang mit Menschen mit Demenz

Bisherige Ansätze nehmen die Pflegeperson selbst als Interaktionspartner des Menschen mit Demenz mit ihren impliziten Einstellungen dem Alter und den Demenzkranken gegenüber noch kaum als Gegenstand der Betrachtung wahr. Diese Lücke füllt vorliegende, in der Schweiz durchgeführte Untersuchung, indem sie einerseits an einer grösseren Stichprobe die Einstellungen von Pflegepersonen Menschen mit Demenz gegenüber mit der deutschsprachigen Fassung der DAS erhebt. Andererseits wird der Zusammenhang zwischen diesen Einstellungen und dem Verhalten der Pflegepersonen den Menschen mit Demenz gegenüber an Hand von Videosequenzen, die mittels Strukturaler Analyse sozialen Verhaltens (SASB) analysiert wurden, überprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Pflegepersonen mehrheitlich eine positive bis sehr positive Einstellung Menschen mit Demenz gegenüber haben. Weiter konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischen Einstellung und Verhalten in der Richtung festgestellt werden, dass je positiver die Einstellung ist, desto grösser ist die Passung zwischen Pflegeperson und demenzkranker Person in der Interaktion. Ausgehend von den hier präsentierten Ergebnissen entwickeln die Autorinnen aktuell interaktionsorientierte Konzepte, die bisher bestehende konstruktiv ergänzen sollen.Current approaches hardly take the person behind the nurse, with his/her attitudes towards aging and dementia, into account as a part of the interaction with the demented person. This gap is filled by the present study conducted in Switzerland. On one hand data are collected concerning the nurses’ attitudes towards people with dementia, by using the German version of the Dementia Attitudes Scale (DAS). On the other hand the relationship between the nurses’ attitudes and their behavior towards people with dementia is studied. This is done by analyzing videotaped interaction sequences with the examination instrument ‘Structural Analysis of Social Behavior’ (SASB). Results show that the nurses’ attitudes towards people with dementia are mostly positive. Furthermore, it was noticed that the more positive the nurses’ attitudes towards dementia were, the more positive was their behavior towards people with dementia as well. Based on these findings the authors are currently developing interaction-oriented teaching concepts that aim to complement hitherto existing ones

Respiratory kinematics and the regulation of subglottic pressure for phonation of pitch jumps - a dynamic MRI study

The respiratory system is a central part of voice production as it contributes to the generation of subglottic pressure, which has an impact on voice parameters including fundamental frequency and sound pressure level. Both parameters need to be adjusted precisely during complex phonation tasks such as singing. In particular, the underlying functions of the diaphragm and rib cage in relation to the phonation of pitch jumps are not yet understood in detail. This study aims to analyse respiratory movements during phonation of pitch jumps using dynamic MRI of the lungs. Dynamic images of the breathing apparatus of 7 professional singers were acquired in the supine position during phonation of upwards and downwards pitch jumps in a high, medium, and low range of the singer's tessitura. Distances between characteristic anatomical landmarks in the lung were measured from the series of images obtained. During sustained phonation, the diaphragm elevates, and the rib cage is lowered in a monotonic manner. During downward pitch jumps the diaphragm suddenly changed its movement direction and presented with a short inspiratory activation which was predominant in the posterior part and was associated with a shift of the cupola in an anterior direction. The magnitude of this inspiratory movement was greater for jumps that started at higher compared to lower fundamental frequency. In contrast, expiratory movement of the rib cage and anterior diaphragm were simultaneous and continued constantly during the jump. The data underline the theory of a regulation of subglottic pressure via a sudden diaphragm contraction during phonation of pitch jumps downwards, while the rib cage is not involved in short term adaptations. This strengthens the idea of a differentiated control of rib cage and diaphragm as different functional units during singing phonation

Cervicovaginal Fungi and Bacteria Associated With Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections in a Hispanic Population

The human cervicovaginal microbiota resides at an interface between the host and the environment and may affect susceptibility to disease. Puerto Rican women have high human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer rates. We hypothesized that the population structure of the cervicovaginal bacterial and fungal biota changed with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and HPV infections. DNA was extracted from cervix, introitus, and anal sites of 62 patients attending high-risk San Juan clinics. The 16S rRNA V4 region and ITS-2 fungal regions were amplified and sequenced using Illumina technology. HPV genotyping was determined by reverse hybridization with the HPV SPF10-LiPA25 kit. HPV prevalence was 84% of which ∼44% subjects were infected with high-risk HPV, ∼35% were co-infected with as many as 9 HPV types and ∼5% were infected with exclusively low-risk HPV types. HPV diversity did not change with cervical dysplasia. Cervical bacteria were more diverse in patients with CIN3 pre-cancerous lesions. We found enrichment of Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis in patients with CIN3 lesions. We found no significant bacterial biomarkers associated with HPV infections. Fungal diversity was significantly higher in cervical samples with high-risk HPV and introitus samples of patients with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS). Fungal biomarker signatures for vagina and cervix include Sporidiobolaceae and Sacharomyces for ASCUS, and Malassezia for high-risk HPV infections. Our combined data suggests that specific cervicovaginal bacterial and fungal populations are related to the host epithelial microenvironment, and could play roles in cervical dysplasia

American Gut: an Open Platform for Citizen Science Microbiome Research

McDonald D, Hyde E, Debelius JW, et al. American Gut: an Open Platform for Citizen Science Microbiome Research. mSystems. 2018;3(3):e00031-18

Associations between depressive symptoms and disease progression in older patients with chronic kidney disease: results of the EQUAL study

Background Depressive symptoms are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with end-stage kidney disease; however, few small studies have examined this association in patients with earlier phases of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We studied associations between baseline depressive symptoms and clinical outcomes in older patients with advanced CKD and examined whether these associations differed depending on sex. Methods CKD patients (>= 65 years; estimated glomerular filtration rate <= 20 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) were included from a European multicentre prospective cohort between 2012 and 2019. Depressive symptoms were measured by the five-item Mental Health Inventory (cut-off <= 70; 0-100 scale). Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to study associations between depressive symptoms and time to dialysis initiation, all-cause mortality and these outcomes combined. A joint model was used to study the association between depressive symptoms and kidney function over time. Analyses were adjusted for potential baseline confounders. Results Overall kidney function decline in 1326 patients was -0.12 mL/min/1.73 m(2)/month. A total of 515 patients showed depressive symptoms. No significant association was found between depressive symptoms and kidney function over time (P = 0.08). Unlike women, men with depressive symptoms had an increased mortality rate compared with those without symptoms [adjusted hazard ratio 1.41 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.93)]. Depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with a higher hazard of dialysis initiation, or with the combined outcome (i.e. dialysis initiation and all-cause mortality). Conclusions There was no significant association between depressive symptoms at baseline and decline in kidney function over time in older patients with advanced CKD. Depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with a higher mortality rate in men