Un aperçu de la MINURSO: contexte, evolution et perspectives

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Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

La cuestión del Sahara Occidental en África: evolución desde las perspectivas constitucional e internacional

Se estudia cómo la cuestión del Sahara Occidental ha sido afectada por y afecta al Derecho Constitucional marroquí y al Derecho Internacional regional africano, y cómo los desarrollos de esta cuestión en éste han afectado y han sido afectados por el Derecho Internacional de Naciones Unidas. Se examinan los tratados que determinan las fronteras de Marruecos para determinar cuál es la "integridad territorial" de este país. Se analiza la independencia de Mauritania, su ingreso en Naciones Unidas y cómo afectó a la fundación de la OUA, considerando que la descolonización del Sahara Occidental debía haber seguido el modelo de Mauritania. Finalmente se expone cómo las iniciativas de la OUA han inspirado a la ONU para buscar una solución al conflicto y cómo la UA ha impulsado una solución ante la parálisis posterior de la ONU2024-11-2