Elastic angular differential cross sections for quasi-oneelectron collision systems at intermediate energies: (Na\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3e, Li\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3e)+H and (Mg\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3e, Be\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3e)+He

Measurements of elastic angular differential cross sections have been carried out for four quasi-one-electron collision systems at intermediate energies. Data are presented for Na++H collisions at laboratory energies of 35.94, 51.75, 63.89, and 143.75 keV, for Li++H collisions at energies of 19.44 and 43.75 keV, for Mg++He collisions at energies of 30, 66.7, and 150 keV, and for Be++He collisions at an energy of 56.25 keV. The highest energy in each case corresponds to a projectile velocity of (1/2 a.u. Born and Eikonal calculations, in which we model the projectile ion as a heavy structureless ion of charge +1e, are also presented. Our model calculations are in fair agreement with the experimental data over the range of measured scattering angles

Differential immunity in pigs with high and low responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

One hundred Hampshire × Duroc crossbred pigs (HD) and 100 NE Index line (I) pigs were infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus and evaluated for resistance/susceptibility. Controls (100/line) were uninfected littermates to the infected pigs. Viremia, change in weight (WTΔ), and rectal temperature at 0, 4, 7, and 14 d postinfection were recorded. Lung, bronchial lymph node (BLN), and blood tissue were collected at necropsy (14 d postinfection). The first principal component from principal component analyses of all variables was used to rank the pigs for phenotypic response to PRRS virus. Low responders (low PRRS burden) had high WTΔ, low viremia, and few lung lesions; high responders (high PRRS burden) had low WTΔ, high viremia, and many lesions. The RNA was extracted from lung and BLN tissue of the 7 highest and 7 lowest responders per line and from each of their littermates. Expression of 11 innate and T helper 1 immune markers was evaluated with cDNA in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Significant upregulation in lung, lymph, or both of infected pigs relative to controls occurred for all but one gene. Expression differences were greater in HD than I pigs. Significant downregulation for certain immune genes in low pigs, relative to littermate controls, was detected in lung and BLN, particularly in line I. Serum levels of the immune cytokines affirmed the gene expression differences. High preinfection serum levels of IL 8 were significantly associated with PRRS virus-resistant, low pigs. After infection, low expression of interferon gamma in cDNA and in serum was also correlated with PRRS virus resistance. Important genetic associations were revealed for fine mapping of candidate genes for PRRS virus resistance and determining the causative alleles

Delivering 21st century Antarctic and Southern Ocean science

The Antarctic Roadmap Challenges (ARC) project identified critical requirements to deliver high priority Antarctic research in the 21st century. The ARC project addressed the challenges of enabling technologies, facilitating access, providing logistics and infrastructure, and capitalizing on international co-operation. Technological requirements include: i) innovative automated in situ observing systems, sensors and interoperable platforms (including power demands), ii) realistic and holistic numerical models, iii) enhanced remote sensing and sensors, iv) expanded sample collection and retrieval technologies, and v) greater cyber-infrastructure to process ‘big data’ collection, transmission and analyses while promoting data accessibility. These technologies must be widely available, performance and reliability must be improved and technologies used elsewhere must be applied to the Antarctic. Considerable Antarctic research is field-based, making access to vital geographical targets essential. Future research will require continent- and ocean-wide environmentally responsible access to coastal and interior Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Year-round access is indispensable. The cost of future Antarctic science is great but there are opportunities for all to participate commensurate with national resources, expertise and interests. The scope of future Antarctic research will necessitate enhanced and inventive interdisciplinary and international collaborations. The full promise of Antarctic science will only be realized if nations act together

Angular-differential studies of excitation in quasi-oneelectron collisions at high energy

Qualitative differences have been observed between two types of quasi-one-electron collision systems. We have studied valence-electron excitation at high energy (relative collision velocities up to 0.5 a.u.) in the Mg++He and Na++H collision systems, and find that while Mg++He collisions are dominated by direct excitation, the Na++H collisions exhibit significant molecular excitation, even at the highest velocities. This behavior can be understood in terms of the molecular structure of the respective collision complexes, and the energy separation between the ground and first excited states of the valence electron

State-selective capture in collisions of protons with noble gases

We have measured coincidences between neutral H atoms and Lyman-α photons for collisions between 50-keV protons and noble gases as a function of the projectile scattering angle. The coincidences are dominated by capture to the 2p state of the projectile. While the total cross sections depend strongly on the target, the shape of the angular distribution of the differential cross sections was found to depend only weakly on that parameter. The data indicate that electrons are captured predominantly from the outermost shell of the target atom for the collision systems studied here

Angular differential cross sections for the excitation of 1\u3csup\u3e1\u3c/sup\u3eS helium to the 2\u3csup\u3e1\u3c/sup\u3eS and 2\u3csup\u3e1\u3c/sup\u3eP states by 25- to 100-keV-proton impact

Angular differential cross sections for the proton-impact excitation of ground-state helium (11S) to the 21S and 21P states have been measured for the first time in the energy range 25 to 100 keV with use of the energy-loss technique. The data indicate that, for very small scattering angles, at 25 keV the 21S differential cross section is greater than the 21P differential cross section. For impact energies greater than 50 keV, the 21P differential cross section clearly dominates over the 21S cross section in the very small scattering angle region. The present data have been numerically summed and integrated to compare with previous absolute experimental measurements on related processes. These are in very good agreement with the present results. An eight-state impact parameter calculation incorporating the electron-capture channel was performed and resulted in the best agreement with the experimentally determined differential cross sections