La Argentina fracturada : una interpretación histórica del desarrollo agrario argentino en la primera mitad del siglo XX

Se trata de un trabajo interpretativo del progreso agrario argentino en la primera mitad del siglo XX, fijando la atención en el análisis de las continuidades y los cambios. Se parte del concepto de sistema social considerado como una construcción donde conviven sujetos sociales que operan acorde a las leyes del sistema global, para acompañarlo o expresar su conflictividad. Las diferentes capacidades para captar los recursos que la sociedad genera se expresa en desigualdades entre los agentes sociales y desequilibrios inter-regionales. La historia argentina no está exenta de fracturas en el espacio, en la economía, en el ejercicio de la política y en los comportamientos de los actores sociales. Estos aspectos son analizados, desde los cambios operados en la Argentina de 1880 hasta los avatares del Estado dirigista del primer peronismoThis is an interpretative work of the continuities and changes of the agrarian process in Argentine during the first part of the XXth century. The different abilities to understand the resources the society generates are expressed by the differences between the social agents and the inter regional imbalance. The history of Argentine is not exempt from fractures in the space, the economy, the exercise of politics and the behaviour of the social agents. All these aspects are analyzed and evaluated from the changes that Argentine of the 1880 underwent to the state control of the first peronismo.Fil: Girbal-Blacha, Noemí. Universidad Nacional de Quilme

Política, economía y sociedad en la Argentina del siglo XX : una aproximación histórica a sus continuidades y cambios

Fil: Girbal-Blacha, Noemí

Estado y regulación económica en el Norte argentino. El tabaco en la década de 1930

Historiography has given particular consideration to the study of government actions in relation to the Pampean economy in Argentina, given its relevance in the context of the economic strategy implemented in the late 19th century, mainly aimed at the exportation of agricultural products. Marginal economies, such as Argentinean northeast, have, therefore, been neglected to some extent by social scientists. One of the historically typical north-eastern productions - together with cotton, yerba-mate and quebracho wood- is tobacco. The purpose of this historical study is to identify the policies applied to the tobacco industry between 1930 and the first Perón administration, given its magnitude in the region and the fact that, unlike other agricultural products, tobacco generates an economy that, while keeping capital and enterprises concentrated in few hands, also involves vast social segments who live or survive on account of tobacco production and trade, and who lack an institutional protection such as Regulating Boards. To comprehend the public policies concerning this agrarian economy, their employment and effects on this marginal and peripheral region, constitutes an interesting challenge. It is particularly so if the intention is to add new explanations to compared agrarian historiography in a heterogeneous rural world. In this case, the approach is made from an inner view of this exemplary tobacco region, which cohabits with the thriving Pampean-oriented economy, precisely at the same time as the agrarian exportation reaches its pinnacle. This will allow an analysis of the causes of the long-term disregard of the region and their social actors

Agro-export Argentina and the regional imbalance 1880-1930

Argentina -almost 3 million km2- is linked economically, socially and politically to the rural production and trade. First, it was linked through livestock (jerky, fat, and leather), and by the end of nineteenth century through extensive agriculture, joined to rail expansion and massive immigration. Understanding the livestock, mercantile and agro industrial past in Argentina’s modern times is important for the diagnosis and comprehension of its domestic, international and long term situation. This research focuses on the 1880 period, when the leadership and the State were constituted, consolidating the agro-export model, until 1930, when the Argentinean institutional crisis was added to the effects of 1929 crash. Regional spaces, social networks and public policies are the chosen cores to diagnose and explain the uneven regionally ArgentinaLa Argentina -con sus casi 3 millones de kms2- se vincula económica, social y políticamente, a la producción y el comercio rural. Primero a través de la ganadería (tasajo, sebo, cueros) y, hacia fines del siglo XIX, con la agricultura extensiva, unida a la expansión ferroviaria y la inmigración masiva. Conocer el pasado pecuario, mercantil y agroindustrial en tiempos de la Argentina Moderna, resulta importante para el diagnóstico y comprensión de su situación interna, internacional y en el largo plazo. Este trabajo aborda el período 1880, cuando se conforma la dirigencia y el Estado Nacional consolidándose el modelo agroexportador, hasta 1930, cuando a la crisis institucional argentina se le suman los efectos del crac de 1929. Los espacios regionales, las redes sociales y las políticas públicas, son los ejes elegidos para diagnosticar y explicar la Argentina regionalmente desigual

Formosa: tierra prometida-tierra arrasada. La Argentina de los márgenes (1884-1955)

In times of Modern Argentina (1880 -1930) marginality is part of the agro- export model; structured around Buenos Aires port and the Pampas livestock-cereal, the recipient of massive immigration, growing urbanization and foreign investment concentration. Marginality does not always mean isolation. This is the case of Argentinean Gran Chaco situated in northeastern Argentina, crossed by 3 railways and major waterways, which communicate with the powerful metropolitan littoral. Formosa, bordering Paraguay, is still a postponed territory in the Argentinean Gran Chaco. The land tenure system goes with desertification. Natural resources preservation together with heterogeneous productive models joins the scarce technology. Livestock and deforestation turned the promised land into a devastated land, full of precarious squatters, short term exploitations and soil intensive use. This historical study refers to a specific case of occupation and construction of the space, interrelating with national government alternatives and the logical territory together with its heterogeneous people and precarious economy, without a local rooted bourgeoisie or obtained profit reinvestment. The aim is to describe and interpret the survival conditions in times when Formosa was a National Territory.En tiempos de la Argentina Moderna (1880-1930) la marginalidad es parte del modelo agroexportador; estructurado en torno al puerto de Buenos Aires y la región pampeana ganadera-cerealera, receptora de inmigración masiva, urbanización creciente y concentración de inversiones extranjeras. Marginalidad no siempre implica aislamiento. Es el caso del Gran Chaco Argentino en el Nordeste argentino, atravesado por 3 líneas férreas e importantes vías fluviales, que lo comunican con el poderoso litoral metropolitano. Formosa -colindante con Paraguay- es un territorio postergado aun en el Gran Chaco Argentino. El sistema de tenencia de la tierra va acompañado por la desertificación. La conservación de los recursos naturales con modelos productivos heterogéneos se suma a la escasa tecnología. Ganadería y deforestación tornan la tierra prometida para producir, en tierra arrasada, con predominio de ocupantes precarios, explotaciones de corto plazo y uso intensivo del suelo. Este estudio histórico refiere un caso específico de ocupación y construcción del espacio, interrelacionando las alternativas del gobierno nacional y la lógica territoriana con sus heterogéneos actores y precariedad económica, sin una burguesía arraigada de origen local ni reinversión de las ganancias obtenidas. El propósito es describir e interpretar las condiciones de pervivencia en tiempos en que Formosa fuera Territorio Nacional

Faktori koji određuju stopu procesa isparavanja komponenata metalne kupke

This paper provides a discussion on the impact of selected factors on the rate of the process of evaporation of volatile metal bath components. The main determinants of the evaporation process are considered to be the pressure inside the metallurgical aggregate, type of the gaseous atmosphere, rate of the bath mixing as well as its composition.U referatu se raspravlja o utjecaju odabranih faktora na proces isparavanja hlapljivih komponenata metalne kupke. Glavni faktori koji određuju process isparavanja smatra se da su tlak unutar metalurškog agregata. vrsta plinovite atmosfere, stopa miješanja kupke, te njene komponente

La Argentina agro-exportadora y el desequilibrio regional 1880-1930

Argentina -almost 3 million km2- is linked economically, socially and politically to the rural production and trade. First, it was linked through livestock (jerky, fat, and leather), and by the end of nineteenth century through extensive agriculture, joined to rail expansion and massive immigration. Understanding the livestock, mercantile and agro industrial past in Argentina’s modern times is important for the diagnosis and comprehension of its domestic, international and long term situation. This research focuses on the 1880 period, when the leadership and the State were constituted, consolidating the agro-export model, until 1930, when the Argentinean institutional crisis was added to the effects of 1929 crash. Regional spaces, social networks and public policies are the chosen cores to diagnose and explain the uneven regionally Argentina.Argentina, agro-regions, imbalances, exports.

Studija uklanjanja srebra iz otpadaka nakita flotacijskim procesom

This article is a discussion on the proposed solution of using the flotation process to separate metals from non-metallic components present in the scrap generated while jewellery goods are being ground. For the sake of the studies analyzed, a dedicated laboratory station was established.Članak je rasprava na predloženu soluciju rabljenja flotacijskog procesa za izdvajanje metala iz nemetalnih komponenti nazočnih u otpadu koji nastaju pri izradi nakita. Glede analiza studije utemeljena je odgovarajuća laboratorijska stanica

Lead and zinc removal from alloy Zn-Ag-Pb under reduced pressure

The presented work shows the results of vacuum melting of industrial Zn-Ag-Pb alloy arising from the processing of silver-bearing foam. The tests were carried out in an induction vacuum aggregate in the temperature range 773 - 873 K and pressure 10 - 1 000 Pa. Based on the results obtained, the values of the density of the evaporating stream of zinc and lead were estimated, which were at the level from 3,95×10-4 to 9,53×10-4 gZncm-2 s-1 and from 5,39×10-5 to 30,9×10-5 gPbcm-2 s-1 . In addition, silver losses were estimated in the analysed process. The maximum degree of dezincification of the alloy achieved for the assumed temperature and pressure was 99 %

Lead and zinc removal from alloy Zn-Ag-Pb under reduced pressure

The presented work shows the results of vacuum melting of industrial Zn-Ag-Pb alloy arising from the processing of silver-bearing foam. The tests were carried out in an induction vacuum aggregate in the temperature range 773 - 873 K and pressure 10 - 1 000 Pa. Based on the results obtained, the values of the density of the evaporating stream of zinc and lead were estimated, which were at the level from 3,95×10-4 to 9,53×10-4 gZncm-2 s-1 and from 5,39×10-5 to 30,9×10-5 gPbcm-2 s-1 . In addition, silver losses were estimated in the analysed process. The maximum degree of dezincification of the alloy achieved for the assumed temperature and pressure was 99 %