Sensitivity of the simulated colonization-competition tradeoff to r- and K-selection.

<p>Every symbol in the figure reflects a successful plant growth strategy. The grey scale indicates the normalized abundance of these strategies from low abundance (white) to high abundance (black). Circles represent the simulations of low disturbance rates (a–d), while triangles represent the simulations with high disturbance rates (e–h). The dotted lines show the breaks for colonizers, intermediates and competitors.</p

The successful plant growth strategies simulated by the model are characterizes as competitors, colonizers and intermediates dependent on their growth rate.

<p>We use three quantiles of the distribution of growth rates from all simulations, as shown by the dashed lines, for the partitioning.</p

Abundances of competitors (white), intermediates (grey), and colonizers (black) for the different scenarios of r- and K-selection and disturbance rate.

<p>In the case of strong r-selection and high disturbance rate (level 5), no strategies survive so that no relative abundances are shown for this disturbance rate.</p

Schematic diagram of our approach, in which we use two simulation models.

<p>The first model, the JeDi-DGVM, represents the climatic filter that estimates the plant growth strategies that are potentially able to be reproductively successful in a given climatic environment. The second model, the DIVE model, simulates the population dynamics of these plant growth strategies and represents a competitive filter. The strength of r- and K-selection and the rate of disturbance are external model parameters. DIVE calculates the abundance of the plant growth strategies, from which the colonization-competition tradeoff, the abundance of colonizers and competitors and the diversity-disturbance relationships are being derived.</p

spectra_data

Data used to data analysis in

NSC_data

Data used to data analysis in

info_samples

Data used to data analysis in

Script model

Script with the statistical analysis

Functional Resilience against Climate-Driven Extinctions – Comparing the Functional Diversity of European and North American Tree Floras - Fig 4

<p>PCoA ordination plot showing (A) distances among 29 North American and 11 European woody gymnosperm species based on 22 traits for the first two axes. (C) PCoA ordination plot showing distances among 126 North American and 56 European woody angiosperm species based on 26 traits for the first two axes. In (B and D) significant correlations (p, 0.001) with a loading of min +/- 0.25 of traits on the first two PCoA axes are represented as arrows (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148607#pone.0148607.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> for abbreviations) for gymnosperms and angiosperms respectively; the lengths of the arrows are proportional to their correlation coefficient, and they point in the direction of most rapid change; nominal traits were dummy coded before correlation.</p

Map of the four bioclimatic regions, chosen as the result of the PCA of 19 bioclimatic variables intersected with the temperate climate zone as defined by Walter & Breckle [30].

<p>Map of the four bioclimatic regions, chosen as the result of the PCA of 19 bioclimatic variables intersected with the temperate climate zone as defined by Walter & Breckle [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148607#pone.0148607.ref030" target="_blank">30</a>].</p