PENERAPAN APLIKASI MOBILE HEALTH TITEER DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN KEHAMILAN REMAJA

Abstrak: Kehamilan remaja berdampak pada tingginya Angka Kematian Ibu dan Angka Kematian Bayi. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat adalahditerapkannya aplikasi Mobile Health Titeer oleh remaja, sehingga akan meningkatkan pengetahuan, membangun sikap positif, meningkatkan keterampilan, meningkatkan keyakinkan diri dan menghindari pengaruh negatif dari teman sebaya serta diketahuinya risiko kehamilan pada remaja sebagai hasil skrining yang dapat dilihat pada laman admin aplikasi Mobile Health Titeer. Metode kegiatan dilakukan dengan memberikan promosi kesehatan reproduksi remaja melalui aplikasi Mobile Health Titeer dengan menggabungan teori Health Belief Model,Reasoned Action dan Health Promotion Model. Evaluasi berdasarkan hasil penilaian sebelum dan setelah diberikan aplikasi Mobile Health Titeer, terjadi perubahan (kenaikan nilai) pada pengetahuan, sikap, self efficacy, life skills dan pengaruh positif teman sebaya, menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Mobile Health Titeer efektif digunakan untuk pencegahan kehamilan remaja. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa peran serta remaja sebagai teman sebaya (peer group) sangat penting dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dalam rangka pencegahan kehamilan remaja. Rekomendasi dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan peran serta remaja sebagai peer educator dan peer counselor melalui program Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja dalam memberikan promosi Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja Abstract: Teen pregnancy affects the high maternal and infant mortality rate. The purpose of this community service activity is the implementation of Mobile Health Titeer application by teenagers, so it can increase knowledge, build positive attitudes, improve skills, improve self-efficacy, avoid the negative influence coming from peers, and gain the information regarding the risk of teen pregnancy as the screening result which can be seen in the admin page of Mobile Health Titeer application.The method of this activity is by promoting adolescent reproductive health through the Mobile Health Titeer application by combining the theory of the Health Belief Model, Reasoned Action, and Health Promotion Model. The evaluation which is based on the results of the assessment before and after the implementation of Mobile Health Titeer application that brings changes (the increase of value) in knowledge, attitudes, self efficacy, life skills and positive influence of peers indicates that the Mobile Health Titeer application is effectively used to prevent teen pregnancy.The results of the activity show that teenage participation as peers (peer group) is highly essential in community service activities in the context of preventing teen pregnancy. The recommendation of this activity is to increase the participation of teenagers as peer educators and peer counselors through the program of Youth Care Health Services in providing the promotion of adolescent reproductive health

Population policies, programmes and the environment

Human consumption is depleting the Earth's natural resources and impairing the capacity of life-supporting ecosystems. Humans have changed ecosystems more rapidly and extensively over the past 50 years than during any other period, primarily to meet increasing demands for food, fresh water, timber, fibre and fuel. Such consumption, together with world population increasing from 2.6 billion in 1950 to 6.8 billion in 2009, are major contributors to environmental damage. Strengthening family-planning services is crucial to slowing population growth, now 78 million annually, and limiting population size to 9.2 billion by 2050. Otherwise, birth rates could remain unchanged, and world population would grow to 11 billion. Of particular concern are the 80 million annual pregnancies (38% of all pregnancies) that are unintended. More than 200 million women in developing countries prefer to delay their pregnancy, or stop bearing children altogether, but rely on traditional, less-effective methods of contraception or use no method because they lack access or face other barriers to using contraception. Family-planning programmes have a successful track record of reducing unintended pregnancies, thereby slowing population growth. An estimated $15 billion per year is needed for family-planning programmes in developing countries and donors should provide at least$5 billion of the total, however, current donor assistance is less than a quarter of this funding target

Challenges of maternal and prenatal care in Nigeria

Background and aim: Evidence in the literature indicates that maternal health care by a skilled birth attendant is one of the key strategies for maternal survival. However, the rate of maternity care utilization and reduction of maternal death is very low in Nigeria. This study was designed to explored factors influencing women utilization of maternal and prenatal care in Nigeria. Hence, the need to understand factors that serves as barriers to accessing maternal and prenatal care in Nigeria using the Socio-ecological Model (SEM). Methods: A mixed method was employed for this study. Data collection used questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Questionnaires were distributed to 330 respondents of which 318 of them were retrieved and qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted for 6 participants. The study was conducted in one of the tertiary health facilities in Nigeria, amongst mothers aged 15-45 years. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used in analyzing the quantitative data whilst a qualitative content analysis was done for the qualitative data. Results: The study established that education, income level, costs associated with seeking care, distance and time taken to travel were significantly associated with maternity health care services utilization. The study concludes that; costs of treatment, distance and time, income level, staff attitude and women’s autonomy were critical in determining women utilization of maternity care services

California Wellness Foundation - 2006 Annual Report

Contains board chair's message, CEO's message, program information, grants list, financial statements, and list of board members and staff. Includes an essay on adding value by convening grantees

The Effectiveness of Sexual Education Programs on Teen Births Among Females With and Without a Family History of Teen Births

Adolescents (ages 10 to 19) and young adults (ages 20 to 24) make up 21% of the population of the United States. Therefore, the topic of adolescent health is an important focus in Healthy People 2020.5 The HP 2020 initiative describes adolescent health as a fairly broad topical area that encompasses smaller subjects such as teen smoking, pregnancy, and suicide. Due to its recent decline, teen pregnancy is often overlooked as an epidemic problem in the United States. According to the CDC, “…the sexual and reproductive health of America’s young persons remains an important public health concern: a substantial number of youth are affected, disparities exist, and earlier progress appears to be slowing and perhaps reversing. These patterns exist for a range of health outcomes (i.e., sexual risk behavior, pregnancy and births, STDs, HIV/AIDS, and sexual violence), highlighting the magnitude of the threat to young persons’ sexual and reproductive health.”6(p13) In 2009 the U.S. birth rate for females aged 15-19 years was 39.1 births per 1,000 females.2 Compared to the peak rate of 61.8 births per 1,000 females in 1991, the teen birth rate in 2009 was approximately 37% lower.4 This significant change has likely been due to a steady decline in the proportion of sexually experienced teenagers—those who have ever had sex—and an increase in the proportion of teens who use contraception during intercourse.4 Additionally, female teenagers are using and have more access to a wide variety of highly effective contraceptive methods.4 Although these trends demonstrate a drop in the initiation of sexual activity and an increase in protective sexual behaviors, it should be noted that most of this progression occurred before 2007.11 Data collected since then have shown no significant changes in these behaviors. 3 Despite the decreasing rates in recent years, the teen birth rate in the United States still remains as much as nine times higher as other developed countries.9 Compared with the births of adult women, births to teenagers are at greater risk for low birth weight, preterm birth, and death in infancy. Teen childbearing is also associated with cyclic truancy and increased dropout rates for teen mothers. Children of teen mothers are more likely to have low school achievement, drop out of high school, and give birth themselves as teens.9 Not only is there an individual economic burden associated with teenage pregnancy, but there is also an alarming national economic burden. In 2008 teen pregnancy cost taxpayers in the U.S. $10.9 billion dollars. According to The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, Teen pregnancy and childbearing is closely linked to a host of other critical issues---educational attainment, poverty and income, overall child well-being, health issues, and others. 1(p1) Research has provided evidence of specific influences affecting adolescent pregnancy rates. Findings suggest that parent/child connectedness, parental supervision or regulation of children\u27s activities, and parents\u27 values against unprotected teen intercourse are all protective factors decreasing the risk of adolescent pregnancy. Risk factors for teen pregnancy include the following: residing in dangerous neighborhoods, lower socioeconomic status, living with a single parent, having sexually active or pregnant/parenting siblings, and being a victim of sexual abuse.14 Several biological factors such as the timing of puberty, hormone levels, and genetics are also related to adolescent pregnancy risk.13 A family history of teen births is a strong predictor for increased risk among teenage girls as well. According to two studies examining teen birth trends among 4 nationally representative samples in the United States and Great Britain, the teenage birthrate of daughters of teenage mothers was more than twice that of daughters of women who were 20 or older at first birth.12 Another study found that adolescents whose mothers gave birth at a young age were likely to also be involved in an early pregnancy, a finding that held true for both genders.13 This link may exist due to the mother\u27s unstable marital status, inept parenting techniques, or the socioeconomic hardship associated with being a teen mom. The relationship between mothers\u27 and daughters\u27 young ages at first birth is partially explained by teen mothers’ limited education and potential lack of emphasis on their children’s schooling.12 Due to the advanced costs of teenage births and the cyclical nature of teen parenting, it is important that evidence-based sexual education programs be implemented and evaluated—especially for high-risk teens. Clinical and program personnel who teach sex education should identify girls who are more vulnerable to risky sexual practices resulting in teen births. Prevention programs that target these youths should be implemented within comprehensive sex education.12 After all, comprehensive sexual education programs have been associated with positive health outcomes among youth reducing rates of teen pregnancy, STIs, and HIV.10 Moreover, comprehensive curricula have been correlated with positive behavior change including the delay of sexual initiation, reduction in frequency of sexual intercourse, reduction in the number of sexual partners, and an increase in the use of effective methods of contraception.7 Unfortunately, the position that sexual education plays in the initiation of sexual activity and risk of teen pregnancy is somewhat contentious in the United States among the population at large. However, comprehensive programs seem to be growing with 5 support from parents, community members, some faith-based institutions, and many professionals and professional organizations.8 Based on a review of risk reduction programs in the U.S., comprehensive sex education has been associated with a decline in negative sexual behaviors and an increase in protective factors. Evidence for abstinence only education was found to be inconclusive with several outcome inconsistencies.11 Results suggest that these comprehensive interventions provide broader benefits and are appropriate to youth ages 10-19 of all genders, races, and sexual experience, and in both school and community settings. However, it was noted that interventions may be more effective for boys than girls.10 If this is true, then it is even more important that high risk females be targeted for comprehensive risk reduction programs. Nonetheless, sexual risk behavior has been found to be driven strongly by parental influence in addition to—or possibly more than—curriculum content within comprehensive sex education.3 Parents “provide structure (in the form of parental monitoring), support (through a positive parent–child relationship), and information (by communicating about sexual topics).”13(p507) Parents also serve as role models for their adolescent children in a multitude of ways, including sexual behaviors and attitudes. Still, little research has been done looking into parental modeling of sexual behavior and its predictive value remains uncertain.13 There is a gap in the sexual education literature in differentiating the effectiveness of sexual education specifically for girls with a family history of teen births. Not only can these girls be compared to those without a family history of teen births, but their data may be stratified within the group to look at differences between those with no sex education, abstinence only education, and the comprehensive programming. It is vital that 6 we determine how past family history of teen births moderates the effects of comprehensive sex education to ensure we aren’t missing this group of high risk individuals and to better serve program planning and intervention efforts designed to delay or reduce pregnancy among this age group. This study hypothesizes that a family history of teen births will change the effectiveness of sex education, decreasing program efficacy for these high-risk individuals. Alternatively, family history will play no part in the ability of comprehensive sex education to prevent teen birth outcomes. For the present study, data from the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) were obtained to determine how family history of teen births tempers the efficacy of comprehensive sexual education on teen births

Medical management of abortion, 2018

La atención médica relacionada con el aborto abarca el tratamiento de diversas afecciones clínicas, incluido el aborto espontáneo e inducido (embarazos tanto viables como no viables), el aborto incompleto y la muerte fetal intrauterina, así como la anticoncepción posterior al aborto. El tratamiento médico del aborto generalmente implica un régimen combinado de mifepristona y misoprostol o un régimen solo de misoprostol. La atención médica relacionada con el aborto desempeña un papel crucial en el acceso a servicios de atención segura, efectiva y aceptable. Tanto en entornos de alto y bajo nivel de recursos, el uso de métodos médicos de aborto ha contribuido al intercambio y el intercambio de tareas y al uso más eficiente de los recursos. Además, muchas intervenciones en la atención del aborto con medicamentos, particularmente las que se encuentran en el embarazo temprano, ahora pueden brindarse a nivel de atención primaria y ambulatoria, lo que aumenta aún más el acceso a la atención. La atención médica del aborto reduce la necesidad de proveedores de servicios de aborto quirúrgico capacitados y ofrece una opción no invasiva y altamente aceptable para las personas embarazadashttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536779

Examining attitudes towards sexuality in CHARGE syndrome

The current study aimed to examine attitudes of sexuality of individuals with CHARGE syndrome by exploring potential barriers that may exist due to differences in the attitudes towards sexuality in parents of individuals with CHARGE syndrome and those attitudes of adults with CHARGE syndrome. Participants included 24 adults with CHARGE syndrome and 31 parents of individuals with CHARGE syndrome. The Attitudes of Sexuality-Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ASQ-ID) was completed by all participants and was adapted to address this specific population for the current study. Using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), four themes of sexuality from the ASQ-ID (i.e., sexual rights, parenting, non-reproductive sexual behavior, and self-control) were examined by comparing differences of mean scores across parents of individuals with CHARGE syndrome and adults with CHARGE syndrome. Further, standard linear regressions were used to determine if age was a predictor of attitudes of sexuality within this population. Results indicated that while there was not a statistically significant difference between parents’ overall scores and adults with CHARGE syndrome’s overall score, statistically significant differences were found in two of the subscales. Specifically, adults with CHARGE syndrome were found to have more positive views in the area of parenting, as compared to parents of individuals with CHARGE syndrome. Likewise, parents of individuals with CHARGE syndrome were found to have more positive views in the area of self-control, opposed to adults with CHARGE syndrome. Further, age was not found to be a predictor of attitudes of sexuality within this population. The results and implications of the findings are discussed, as well as limitations and future directions

Meeting the Unmet Need: Making the Case for a New Family Planning Service Delivery Paradigm

This policy paper will investigate the need for a new reproductive health clinic paradigm and make a case for the creation of a new system to deliver reproductive health services in the United States. Since the introduction of birth control pills in the 1960s there has been a decrease in the number of unwanted or mistimed pregnancies. However, this decrease has not continued leaving 50 percent of pregnancies in the United States unplanned. These pregnancies represent the large gap between those women who state they do not want more children but are not using a birth control method, also known as unmet need. Unplanned pregnancies can often be less healthy with women receiving prenatal care later and not taking healthy precautions during the pregnancy. There are also long term health and psychosocial effects that stem from such pregnancies which affect the women, children and families. The largest area of unmet need for contraception and a gap that continues to expand is among minority women. In order to better reach out to these women a new style of clinic and outreach is needed. This paper will analyze and evaluate both successful and unsuccessful programs in order to determine the best system in which to deliver reproductive health services to decrease unplanned pregnancies and their adverse health effects.Master of Public Healt

Adolescent School-Based Sex Education: Using Developmental Neuroscience to Guide New Directions for Policy and Practice

Abstract While school-based sex education is one of the key program and policy solutions to improve adolescent sexual health outcomes, new efforts are needed to strengthen its overall impact. The cognitive, hormonal, emotional, and physical changes that accompany the onset of puberty and occur throughout the teenage years play a significant role in aspects of adolescent sexual risk taking. Thus, one approach to advancing current understanding of these complex issues is to leverage emerging knowledge in developmental affective neuroscience over the past 15 years, which suggests some potentially promising innovations that may inform new educational directions to improve adolescent sexual health. Exploring the conceptual and empirical advances in understanding adolescent brain development through the lens of the conceptualization, implementation, and evaluation of sex education, this article provides new perspectives that encourage the testing of innovative approaches to sex education policy and practice