Chemical reactivity of hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen atoms at temperatures below 100 deg K Fifth semiannual technical report

Chemical reactivity of hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms at temperatures below 100 deg

Growth is (really) good for the (really) rich

This paper analyzes the relationship between mean income and the income of the rich. Our methodology closely follows that of Dollar and Kraay (2002), but instead of looking at the bottom of the distribution, we analyze the top. We use panel data from the World Top Incomes database, which collects top income data from several countries using tax returns as the raw source. We define the “rich” as earners in the top 10 percent, 1 percent, 0.1 percent, and 0.01 percent of the income distribution. We find that economic growth is good for the rich in the sense that the mean income of the top decile of the distribution grows in the same proportion as that of the whole population. However, we also find that the income of earners in the top percentile of the distribution and above grows in an even larger proportion than average income: that is, economic growth is really good for the really rich. We also find that during economic downturns, the average income of top earners responds proportionally less to changes in mean income than during economic expansions. Our results are robust to different sample specifications

Art Criticism in the Wild: Wolfgang Paalen, Clement Greenberg, and Lucy Lippard

Mid-century American art critics held conflicting views about emotion. Whereas Wolfgang Paalen and Lucy Lippard understood emotion as immediate—as wild and uncontrollable as the weather—Clement Greenberg thought that even the wildest of emotions are necessarily mediated. Feeling for form, as Greenberg came to define it, meant cultivating art’s capacity to reflect on the ideas and values that undergird wild emotion. An intellectual history, this dissertation demonstrates that the notion that emotions are wild is deeply rooted in American art criticism, developing alongside the arrival of the surrealist émigrés in New York and Mexico City during World War II and continuing into the present. Working to reorient affect theory, I draw on the philosopher Martha Nussbaum and historian Ruth Leys to reveal that an unrecognized conflict between wild and formal feeling motivates art critical discourse. Chapter 1 shows that Paalen’s art and writings of the early 1940s draw on surrealist primitivism to suggest that emotions are, in a metaphor of the critic’s choosing, like sudden gusts of wind that capture us by surprise. Chapter 2 examines Clement Greenberg’s response to the surrealist idea that emotions are wild and untamable. Declaring that “if art is wild it must be irrelevant,” the artworks he found moving used form to reflect on raw emotions and refused to relish being “amazed by experience” and “overpowered.” Chapter 3 begins in the mid-1960s, with Lucy Lippard working toward a non-judgmental art criticism. Her writings on erotic art explore a surrealistic conception of free love that presents raw and immediate bodily sensation in a deadpan, value-free manner. The coda considers the limits of wild emotion through an analysis of Jack Halberstam’s 2021 book Wild Things: The Disorder of Desire. Although Paalen, Lippard and Halberstam reject formal feeling, in the end we do not have to. This dissertation asks what value formal feeling can bring to contemporary art history’s queer, feminist and anti-racist critical paradigms. We do not have to enter critical exchange believing that our emotions are the result of forces beyond our control. To the contrary, they powerfully indicate what we want for art and society

The Alaska Railroad: Overview and Operational Alternatives

Ye

Learning Algorithms in the Detection of Unused Functionalities in SOA Systems

Part 7: AlgorithmsInternational audienceThe objective of this paper is to present an application of learning algorithms to the detection of anomalies in SOA system. As it was not possible to inject errors into the “real” SOA system and to analyze the effect of these errors, a special model of SOA system was designed and implemented. In this system several anomalies were introduced and the effectiveness of algorithms in detecting them were measured. The results of experiments can be used to select efficient algorithm for anomaly detection. Two algorithms: K-means clustering and Kohonen networks were used to detect the unused functionalities and the results of this experiment are discussed

An Assessment of the Alaska Railroad Ownership and Operational Alternatives

In cooperation with Federal Railroad Administratio