MAQÂSHID AL-SYARÎʻAH AND HUMAN RIGHTS PROBLEMS

Islam is a religion with a welfare orientation not only for Muslimsbut also for all humanity. Thus, a guide in Islam must certainly aim for goodand benefit, and vice versa. However, several guidelines in Islam haveclashed with various things including clashing with Human Rights, such asthe application of Jizyah in an Islamic government is considered contrary tohuman rights, this is because Jizyah is only required for non-Muslims (kafirDzimi) and not obliged by the Muslim community itself. Based on thebackground, this research aims to know, review, and explain how ShariaMaqashid as a method of Instinbath law such a response to human rightsproblems? This research used normative law research with the descriptiveanalytical specification. The law materials used primary, secondary, andtertiary substances. The collection of law materials in this research pursuedby conducting literature research and document studies. The main approachwas taken by doctrinal. Based on the results of this study it can be concludedthat between the Maqsidan and the realization of human rights (HAM) thereis a close and inseparable relationship. The obligation of Jizyah for nonMuslims (kafir Dzimi) in an Islamic government is precisely a form of justicethat does not contrary toward human rights, this because the obligation ofJizyah is a form of non-Muslim contributions (kafir Dzimi) as the obligationof zakat for Muslim communities towards an Islamic government. It can beconcluded that both Muslims and non-Muslims (kafir Dzimi) should not bediscriminated against in the government. Thus, this affirms that theguidance of Islam and human rights does not contradictory to one another ifcomprehensively studied with the Maqashid sharia approach. Keyword: Maqosid, fitrah, attitud

Nonlinear magnetic response in ruthenocuprates

We have performed an investigation of the nonlinear magnetic response in ruthenocuprates. A negative, diverging-like peak at the main magnetic transition T_N in RuSr2RECu2O8 (RE = Gd, Y) indicates a possible canted antiferromagnetic order. Another well defined feature above T_N points to a blocking of superparamagnetic particles through the T^(-3) dependence of the third harmonic at higher temperatures. Below T_N a nondiverging peak appears, which is strongly affected by the addition of 10% of Cu ions in the RuO2 planes. In RuSr2RE(2-x)Ce(x)Cu2O10 the main magnetic transition T_M is accompanied by two characteristic temperatures in the third harmonic of the ac susceptibility, in agreement with recent studies from uSR and Mossbauer spectroscopy. We find that the spin-spin correlation temperature is the same in both families of ruthenocuprates.Comment: accepted for publication in EPJ

Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah Ditinjau dari Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 14 Tahun 2016 dan Hukum Islam

The many problems of sharia economic disputes have not all been resolved because the judges who resolve the problems of sharia economic disputes are not special judges who are capable and certified in handling sharia economic disputes. For this reason, this thesis was created to answer this problem, consisting of two problem formulations, namely: What are the Procedures for Settlement of Sharia Economic Disputes in View of Supreme Court Regulation Number 14 of 2016 and Islamic Law? The type of approach method used is qualitative method or literature study whose research uses written data such as books, journals, papers, as well as decisions of the Supreme Court and laws, or from document to document related to this research. From the results of this study it can be concluded that in the settlement of Islamic economic disputes in terms of Perma No. 14 of 2016 it is carried out in two ways, namely simple lawsuits and ordinary lawsuits while in Islam it is carried out by means of peace, arbitration, Al-Qadha

Legalitas Transaksi Bagi Orang Yang Mengalami Retardasi Mental Menurut Mazhab Syafi’i dan Hanafi (Studi Putusan No : 32/Pdt.g/2011/PN.BNA)

People who have limitations such as weakness of mind must be under guardianship in doing everything, including carrying out transactional activities. Because, without guardianship it is feared that it will have a bad impact on both himself and others. Therefore, researchers conducted research with the aim of examining the legality of buying and selling transactions carried out by people who have mental limitations. This research specifically examines the judge's decision on related cases. The study will focus on the views of scholars. This study uses a normative and comparative juridical approach with library research methods. The results of the study show that there are differences of opinion regarding the legality of transactions carried out by people with mental disabilities. There are those who think it is legal and there are also those who think it is illegal. People who have mental limitations must involve their guardians if they want to make buying and selling transactions, this is based on the concept of al-hajr. This is intended so that the transaction does not cause harm to both himself and others.Orang yang mempunyai keterbatasan seperti lemah akalnya harus berada dibawah perwalian dalam melakukan segala hal, termasuk melakukan kegiatan ransaksi. Sebab, jika tanpa perwalian dikhawatirkan akan berdampak buruk baik bagi dirinya maupun orang lain. Oleh sebab itu, peneliti melakukan penelitian dengan tujuan mengkaji legalitas terhadap transaksi jual beli yang dilakukan oleh orang yang memiliki keterbatasan mental. Adapun penelitian ini khusus mengkaji putusan hakim terhadap kasus terkait. Kajian akan difokuskan pada pandangan ulama. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan komparatif dengan metode penelitian  kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pendapat mengenai legalitas bagi transaksi yang dilakukan oleh orang yang mengalami keterbatasan mental. Ada yang berpendapat sah dan ada juga yang berpendapat tidak sah. Orang yang memiliki keterbatasan mental harus melibatkan walinya jika ingin melakukan transaksi jual beli, hal ini berdasarkan konsep al-hajr. Hal ini bertujuan supaya transaksi tersebut tidak menimbulkan mudharat baik bagi dirinya maupun orang lain

Analysis of Developmental Changes in Avian DNA Methylation Using a Novel Method for Quantifying Genome-wide DNA Methylation

Individual differentiated somatic cells and undifferentiated stem cells have common genome, although their functions or morphological characters are very different. These differences are derived from difference of gene expression pattern. DNA methylation is generally key factor of Suppression of gene and its level is globally change during mammalian early development. But, in birds, whether genome-wide changes in DNA methylation occur during embryonic development is still unknown. Here, we show that genome-wide DNA methylation to assess occurrence during early chick embryonic development. We found that the methylation status at stage 1 was approximately 57%, after which it gradually decreases, reaching a minimum at stage 10 (33%). After stage 10, DNA methylation gradually increased. These results should contribute to clarify the epigenetic mechanisms in birds.ArticleJOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE. 46(4): 286-290(2009)journal articl

Large quantum nonlinear dynamic susceptibility of single-molecule magnets

The nonlinear dynamical response of Mn$_{12}$ single-molecule magnets is experimentally found to be very large, quite insensitive to the spin-lattice coupling constant, and displaying peaks reversed with respect to classical superparamagnets. It is shown that these features are caused by the strong field dependence of the relaxation rate due to the detuning of energy levels between which tunneling takes place. The nonlinear susceptibility technique, previously overlooked, is thus proposed as a privileged probe to ascertain the occurrence of quantum effects in mesoscopic magnetic systems.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

SOFT MAGNETIC Fe-BASED METALLIC GLASSES PREPARED BY FLUXING AND WATER-QUENCHING

Abstract. [(Fe 0.5 Co 0.5 ) 0.75 B 0.20 Si 0.05 ] 96 Nb 4 soft magnetic bulk metallic glasses were prepared by fluxing and water-quenching in a silica tube. Dimension of the bulk metallic glass specimens was up to 7.7 mm in diameter, which is about 1.5 times larger than those prepared by Cu mold-casting. The critical cooling rate of [(Fe 0.5 Co 0.5 ) 0.75 B 0.20 Si 0.05 ] 96 Nb 4 alloys with fluxing for forming a metallic glass phase was 150 -170 K/s, which was considerably smaller than that without fluxing. Saturation magnetization was 1.13 T, and coercivity was lower than 20 A/m. Fluxing suppresses heterogeneous nucleation by isolating the nucleation sites from the molten alloys and improves their glass-forming ability

Probing a ferromagnetic critical regime using nonlinear susceptibility

The second order para-ferromagnetic phase transition in a series of amorphous alloys (Fe{_5}Co{_{50}}Ni{_{17-x}}Cr{_x}B{_{16}}Si{_{12}}) is investigated using nonlinear susceptibility. A simple molecular field treatment for the critical region shows that the third order suceptibility (chi{_3}) diverges on both sides of the transition temperature, and changes sign at T{_C}. This critical behaviour is observed experimentally in this series of amorphous ferromagnets, and the related assymptotic critical exponents are calculated. It is shown that using the proper scaling equations, all the exponents necessary for a complete characterization of the phase transition can be determined using linear and nonlinear susceptiblity measurements alone. Using meticulous nonlinear susceptibility measurements, it is shown that at times chi{_3} can be more sensitive than the linear susceptibility (chi{_1}) in unravelling the magnetism of ferromagnetic spin systems. A new technique for accurately determining T{_C} is discussed, which makes use of the functional form of chi{_3} in the critical region.Comment: 11 Figures, Submitted to Physical Review