Absorbance and fluorescence spectra and binding isotherm.

<p>Representative (a) absorbance spectra of free indolicidin (I), free CNT, free GNP, CNT conjugated I (CNT_I) and GNP conjugated (GNP_I) indolicidin and fluorescence spectra of (b) free CNT, CNT-I, free I and free CNT spiked with indolicidin and of (c) free GNP, GNP-I, free I and free GNP spiked with indolicidin are shown. Spectra are labeled in the panels for easy identification. Binding isotherm of indolicidin with CNT and GNP. Fraction of indolicidin bound with (a) CNT and (c) GNP and Scatchard plot of binding of indolicidin with (b) CNT and (d) GNP are shown. Panels (b) and (d) also listed the values of association constant and stoichiometry of binding. Standard deviations of the data are shown as error bars in the figure.</p

A schematic diagram of synthesis protocol of nanoparticle conjugation with indolicidin is shown.

<p>Letters 'A', 'B' and 'C' denote carboxylated CNT, carboxylated GNP and Indolicidin with primary amine.</p

SEM images.

<p>Representative SEM micrographs of CNTs (panels a & b, scale 1 μm) and CNT-Indolicidin conjugates (panels c [scale 1μm] & d[scale 200 nm]) as well as GNPs (panles e & f, scale 200 nm) and GNP-Indolicidin conjugates (panels g [scale 2 μm] & h [scale 200 nm]) are shown.</p

FTIR spectra.

<p>Representative fourier transformed infrared spectra of (a) free CNT, free Indolicidin (I), CNT spiked I (CNT-I) and CNT conjugated with I (CNT_I) and (b) free GNP, free I, GNP spiked I (GNP-I) and GNP conjugated with I (GNP_I) are shown. Each spectrum is labeled for easy identification.</p

Thermodynamic parameters of Indolicidin binding to CNTs and GNPs.

<p>Thermodynamic parameters of Indolicidin binding to CNTs and GNPs.</p

Fluorescence Lifetime values in nanoseconds (ns) for various indolicidin formulations with nanoparticles.

<p>τ_{F indicates average of two (}τ_{1 &} τ_{2) lifetime values.}</p><p>Fluorescence Lifetime values in nanoseconds (ns) for various indolicidin formulations with nanoparticles.</p

MOESM1 of Comparative efficacy analysis of anti-microbial peptides, LL-37 and indolicidin upon conjugation with CNT, in human monocytes

Additional file 1: Table S1. List of primers used to validate microarray through q-RTPCR

MOESM1 of Comparative efficacy analysis of anti-microbial peptides, LL-37 and indolicidin upon conjugation with CNT, in human monocytes

Additional file 1: Table S1. List of primers used to validate microarray through q-RTPCR

MOESM2 of Comparative efficacy analysis of anti-microbial peptides, LL-37 and indolicidin upon conjugation with CNT, in human monocytes

Additional file 2: Table S2. Gene expression in terms of fold changes following treatment with free LL37, conjugates and other relevant controls

MOESM3 of Comparative efficacy analysis of anti-microbial peptides, LL-37 and indolicidin upon conjugation with CNT, in human monocytes

Additional file 3: Table S3. Expression of genes in terms of fold changes following treatment free and conjugated Indolicidin and other conditions