Effective numeracy educational interventions for students from disadvantaged social background: a comparison of two teaching methods

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of explicit instruction, compared to constructivist instruction, in teaching subtraction in schools with a high concentration of students from a disadvantaged social background: eighty-seven second graders (mean age in months = 90.95, SD = 5.30). Two groups received explicit versus constructivist instruction during 5 weeks. Pre- and posttest analyses were conducted to compare the effects of the instruction type on subtraction skills taught through the partitioning subtraction method. Results showed that although all students progressed between both evaluations, those who received explicit instruction performed better. The findings from this study suggest that explicit instruction teaching is a promising approach in supporting the learning of mathematical knowledge for low-achieving students from disadvantaged social background. A larger scale study comparing the outcomes of children from different socioeconomic backgrounds would be needed to extend the applicability of the positive effects of this stud

The validated Investigator Global Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis (vIGA-AD™): The development and reliability testing of a novel clinical outcome measurement instrument for the severity of atopic dermatitis.

Contains fulltext : 225356.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)BACKGROUND: An Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) is recommended by health agencies for drug registration in atopic dermatitis (AD). Current IGA scales lack standardization. OBJECTIVES: To develop an IGA scale, training module, and clinical certification examination for use in AD trials; establish content validity; and assess reliability. METHODS: Expert dermatologists participated in the development of the validated IGA for AD (vIGA-AD(TM)). Reliability (interrater and intrarater) was assessed by 2 web-based surveys. Clinical certification for investigators consisted of a training module and examination. RESULTS: Expert consensus was achieved around a 5-point IGA scale including morphologic descriptions, and content validity was established. Survey 1 showed strong interrater reliability (Kendall's coefficient of concordance W [Kendall's W], 0.809; intraclass correlation [ICC], 0.817) and excellent agreement (weighted kappa, 0.857). Survey 2, completed 5 months after training of dermatologists, showed improvements in scale reliability (Kendall's W, 0.819; ICC, 0.852; weighted kappa, 0.889). In this study, 627 investigators completed vIGA-AD training and certification. LIMITATIONS: Ratings were assessed on photographs. CONCLUSION: A validated IGA scale and training module were developed with the intent of harmonizing assessment of disease severity in AD trials. Strong reliability and excellent agreement between assessments were observed