Adiposidade em adolescentes e obesidade materna Relationship between maternal obesity and adiposity in adolescents

OBJETIVO: Descrever a relação entre adiposidade na adolescência e obesidade materna. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal com 660 indivíduos de 8 a 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, matriculados em uma escola pública e outra privada do município de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista, medidas antropométricas e inquérito alimentar. A adiposidade na adolescência foi mensurada a partir do índice de massa corporal e, por meio de análise de regressão, verificou-se sua relação com a obesidade materna, ajustada por sexo, idade, estágio de maturação sexual, valor energético total da dieta, atividade física, sedentarismo, peso ao nascer e escolaridade materna. RESULTADOS: Dos adolescentes estudados, 64,7% eram do sexo feminino. A média (desvio-padrão) de idade foi de 12,4 (1,80), variando de 8 a 17 anos. Verificou-se maior prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade entre os indivíduos do sexo masculino, não sendo observada associação significativa entre estado nutricional e sexo. Após ajuste pelas covariáveis, detectou-se que filhos de mães obesas têm risco quatro vezes maior de ser obesos, quando comparados aos adolescentes filhos de mães não obesas. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a obesidade materna representa fator de risco importante para o desenvolvimento da obesidade na adolescência.<br>OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the relationship between teenager's adiposity and maternal obesity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done with 660 teenagers aged 8 to 18 years, of both genders, students of private and public schools of São Paulo. The data were collected by interviews, anthropometric measurements and food intake records. Teenagers' adiposity was determined by body mass index and regression analyses was used to verify its relationship with maternal obesity adjusted for gender, age, stage of sexual development, energy intake, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, birth weight and mother's education level. RESULTS: Most (64.7%) of the teenagers were female. The mean age was 12.4 years (SD=1.80), aged 8 to 17 years. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was higher in boys. No statistical difference was found between nutritional status and gender. After the adjustments, the data show that children of obese mothers were 4 times more likely to be at risk of obesity than children of normal weight mothers. CONCLUSION: Maternal obesity is a great risk factor for adolescent obesity

Prevalence and energy intake from snacking in Brazil: analysis of the first nationwide individual survey

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Snacking has increased globally. We examine snacking patterns and common snack foods in Brazil. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data from the first of two non-consecutive food diaries from 34,003 individuals (aged ≥10 years) in the first Brazillian nationally representative dietary survey (2008-2009) were used. Meals were defined as the largest (kcal) eating event reported during select times of the day (Breakfast, 6am-10am; Lunch, 12pm-3pm; Dinner, 6pm-9pm); all other eating occasions were considered snacks. We estimate daily energy intake, percent consuming, number of daily snacks, and per capita and per consumer energy from snacks (kcal/d, kcal/snack, and % of daily energy from snacks). RESULTS: 74% of Brazilians (≥10 years) snacked, reporting an average 1.6 snacks/d. 23% of the sample were heavy snackers (≥3 snacks/d). Snacking accounted for 21% of daily energy intake in the full sample, but 35.5% among heavy snackers. Compared to non-snackers (1548 kcal/d), light (1-2 snacks/d) and heavy snackers consumed more daily energy (1929 and 2334 kcal/d, respectively). By time of day, the largest percent of persons reported afternoon/early evening snacking (3:01-5:59 pm, 47.7%). Sweetened Coffee & Tea, Sweets & Desserts, Fruit, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSB), and high-calorie Salgados (Fried/baked dough with Meat/Cheese/Vegetable) were the top 5 most commonly consumed snacks. Differences were observed by age groups. Trends in commercial sales were observed, especially for SSB’s. CONCLUSIONS: Many commonly consumed snack foods in Brazil are classified, in the US, as being high in solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS). The public health impact of snacking in Brazil requires further exploration