Does the City of Mississauga need More Car Pool Lots? A Geographic Information Systems Analysis using QGIS Software

Traffic congestion is a common issue in many cities across the nation. It is no doubt that the rapidly increasing population and the reliance on automobiles have played a pivotal role in this problem. As Ontario’s third largest city, traffic congestion in Mississauga has become a prominent issue. From 2006 to 2011, the city experienced a 6.7% population increase, hence the 2011 population of 713,443 increased by 44,884 residents from 668,559 in 2006 (City of Mississauga). Traffic congestion in the city of Mississauga, as well as other cities have various negative implications for the population, which include environmental, social, and health concerns and thus this report will discuss how this problem can be relieved. Because there are various negative implications as a result of this congestion, the city has taken the appropriate steps in order to tackle this issue. This report will mainly be looking at the addition of carpool lots in order to decrease some of the large amount of traffic within the city

The Syntax of Negation of Serial Verbs in Urdu

The focus of this study is to highlight the syntax of the negation marker in Urdu serial verbs. There are two types of serial verb constructions (SVCs) in Urdu. In SVC 1, negation marker either precedes both verbs or it comes in between SVC, whereas in SVC 2 single negation marker either comes in between SVC or double negation precedes both verbs in sequence. The insertion of single negation marker in SVC does not affect the agreement phenomenon in Urdu and it merely adds supplementary negation reading in the sentence. However, the double negation affects the agreement i.e. the basic construction of SVC-1 where the first verb remains frozen and the last verb shows agreement in terms of number, person, and gender but when double negation comes in SVC- 1 it converts the construction into SVC-2 where both verbs show agreement, and negation marker shows agreement in terms of aspect on first verb. Under the Minimalist Program, both negation markers originate under TP which is similar to Chomsky’s representation of negation in clause. First negation marker in double negation constituent takes the frozen verb as its compliment and becomes cause of its inflection, whereas the second negation marker is the specifier of the second verb which is similar to Bukhari’s analysi

Hepatitis Associated Aplastic Anemia: A review

Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) is an uncommon but distinct variant of aplastic anemia in which pancytopenia appears two to three months after an acute attack of hepatitis. HAAA occurs most frequently in young male children and is lethal if leave untreated. The etiology of this syndrome is proposed to be attributed to various hepatitis and non hepatitis viruses. Several hepatitis viruses such as HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV and HGV have been associated with this set of symptoms. Viruses other than the hepatitis viruses such as parvovirus B19, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein bar virus, Transfusion Transmitted virus (TTV) and non-A-E hepatitis virus (unknown viruses) has also been documented to develop the syndrome. Considerable evidences including the clinical features, severe imbalance of the T cell immune system and effective response to immunosuppressive therapy strongly present HAAA as an immune mediated mechanism. However, no association of HAAA has been found with blood transfusions, drugs and toxins. Besides hepatitis and non hepatitis viruses and immunopathogenesis phenomenon as causative agents of the disorder, telomerase mutation, a genetic factor has also been predisposed for the development of aplastic anemia. Diagnosis includes clinical manifestations, blood profiling, viral serological markers testing, immune functioning and bone marrow hypocellularity examination. Patients presenting the features of HAAA have been mostly treated with bone marrow or hematopoietic cell transplantation from HLA matched donor, and if not available then by immunosuppressive therapy. New therapeutic approaches involve the administration of steroids especially the glucocorticoids to augment the immunosuppressive therapy response. Pancytopenia following an episode of acute hepatitis response better to hematopoietic cell transplantation than immunosuppressive therapy

Hepatitis C Treatment: current and future perspectives

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a member of Flaviviridae family and one of the major causes of liver disease. There are about 175 million HCV infected patients worldwide that constitute 3% of world's population. The main route of HCV transmission is parental however 90% intravenous drug users are at highest risk. Standard interferon and ribavirin remained a gold standard of chronic HCV treatment having 38-43% sustained virological response rates. Currently the standard therapy for HCV is pegylated interferon (PEG-INF) with ribavirin. This therapy achieves 50% sustained virological response (SVR) for genotype 1 and 80% for genotype 2 & 3. As pegylated interferon is expensive, standard interferon is still the main therapy for HCV treatment in under developed countries. On the other hand, studies showed that pegylated IFN and RBV therapy has severe side effects like hematological complications. Herbal medicines (laccase, proanthocyandin, Rhodiola kirilowii) are also being in use as a natural and alternative way for treatment of HCV but there is not a single significant report documented yet. Best SVR indicators are genotype 3 and 2, < 0.2 million IU/mL pretreatment viral load, rapid virological response (RVR) rate and age <40 years. New therapeutic approaches are under study like interferon related systems, modified forms of ribavirin, internal ribosome entry site (HCV IRES) inhibitors, NS3 and NS5a inhibitors, novel immunomodulators and specifically targeted anti-viral therapy for hepatitis C compounds. More remedial therapies include caspase inhibitors, anti-fibrotic agents, antibody treatment and vaccines

Mobile Cloud Computing: A Survey on Current Security Trends and Future Directions

Mobile cloud computing (MCC) is an emerging concept that is gaining popularity in the IT sector. It is a significant topic of debate because it is being discussed as one of the most important trends for the future. After the COVID-19 pandemic, we saw the rapid emergence of mobile computing, which also created massive hype over mobile application usage. This survey paper’s introduction is a literature review of the latest advanced prominent publications, highlighting its definition, infrastructure, advantages/limitations, and challenges, and is followed up with a discussion and results section, concluding with discussions on the future of MCC work that will be undertaken in the coming years

The Syntax of Negation of Serial Verbs in Urdu

The focus of this study is to highlight the syntax of the negation marker in Urdu serial verbs. There are two types of serial verb constructions (SVCs) in Urdu. In SVC 1, negation marker either precedes both verbs or it comes in between SVC, whereas in SVC 2 single negation marker either comes in between SVC or double negation precedes both verbs in sequence. The insertion of single negation marker in SVC does not affect the agreement phenomenon in Urdu and it merely adds supplementary negation reading in the sentence. However, the double negation affects the agreement i.e. the basic construction of SVC-1 where the first verb remains frozen and the last verb shows agreement in terms of number, person, and gender but when double negation comes in SVC- 1 it converts the construction into SVC-2 where both verbs show agreement, and negation marker shows agreement in terms of aspect on first verb. Under the Minimalist Program, both negation markers originate under TP which is similar to Chomsky’s representation of negation in clause. First negation marker in double negation constituent takes the frozen verb as its compliment and becomes cause of its inflection, whereas the second negation marker is the specifier of the second verb which is similar to Bukhari’s analysi

STRUCTURAL NATIVIZATION IN PAKISTANI ENGLISH: EXPLORING PREPOSITIONAL VERB IDIOSYNCRASIES

This paper is an attempt to find out how innovative prepositional verbs (PrVs) such as discuss about, discuss on, comprise of and demand for have become so deeply rooted within the linguistic system of written Pakistani English (PE). Using a corpus-based approach, this study compares how these PrVs and their corresponding single-word verbs (SWVs) comprise, demand and discuss are used in Pakistani English newspapers. It is hypothesized that there are systematic structural differences between the PrVs and their corresponding SWVs which reveal certain aspects of structural nativization in PE

Covert nominals and argument ellipsis in Punjabi

AbstractThe focus of the study is to find out the potential identity of null arguments in Punjabi. However, the paper provides different patterns of interpretations of null arguments present in Punjabi by keeping in view the propositions of Takahashi (2012, July). The special focus is given on the phenomenon named as Argument Ellipsis (AE), which is used as syntactically mediated process for investigating the relationship of verbal agreement and scrambling with AE in null argument language Punjabi. It was observed that AE in Punjabi licenses the null arguments on direct and indirect objects, subjects and selected PPs. The study finds out by observing and manipulating different configurations of subject-object agreement in Punjabi that there is no role critically played by verbal agreement in order to restrict AE. The research also specifies that scrambling approach for licensing is also not reliable predictor for AE in Punjabi. However, bare nouns approach is more appropriate for the analysis of AE in Punjabi as the bare nouns license the sloppy interpretations, which are marked either indefinite or definite nouns for null arguments in Punjabi. This approach can be tested for further cross-linguistic examination of AE, and hopefully it would be regarded as the only underlying cause of argument ellipsis for future studies

IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN ON BALUCHISTAN AND PUNJAB: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS

Several countries around the globe implemented tight quarantine policies, such as lockdowns in whole cities in order to avoid the fast spreading and transmission of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019). At the start of the pandemic, lockdowns were also imposed in Pakistani Cities. The purpose of this study is to look at and study the psychological effect of COVID-19 lockdown on individuals in Pakistan. The goals of the study are achieved by (1) Sampling Facebook users (geo location = Baluchistan, Pakistan) and sampling Facebook users (geo location = Punjab, Pakistan), (2) retrieving published posts of two weeks prior and after lockdown&nbsp; of all users who are in these regions (e.g., the date of lockdown in Pakistan; March 23, 2020); (3) obtaining the psycholinguistic aspects of these posts by using the ‘Language Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) dictionary’; and (4) performing Wilcoxon tests in order to study the changes and variations in the psycholinguistic features of the social media posts prior and after the lockdown in these regions i.e. Baluchistan and Punjab in Pakistan. After the lockdown in these regions, the results revealed that people concentrated greater on "home" and had greater levels of cognitive process. Meanwhile, following the lockdown, the stress level in Punjab, Pakistan reduced and focus on leisure grew. Following the lockdown, there was a greater focus on group, religion, and emotions in Baluchistan, Pakistan. The findings give policy and decision-makers up-to-date information regarding public reactions and their effects concerning psychological conditions in the COVID-19 environment, and they have ramifications for data and evidence based mental health intercessions in both provinces. &nbsp