1,512 research outputs found
Unified Angular Momentum of Dyons
Unified quaternionic angular momentum for the fields of dyons and
gravito-dyons has been developed and the commutation relations for dynamical
variables are obtained in compact and consistent manner. Demonstrating the
quaternion forms of unified fields of dyons (electromagnetic fields) and
gravito-dyons (gravito-Heavisidian fields of linear gravity), corresponding
quantum equations are reformulated in compact, simpler and manifestly covariant
way
Quaternion Gravi-Electromagnetism
Defining the generalized charge, potential, current and generalized fields as
complex quantities where real and imaginary parts represent gravitation and
electromagnetism respectively, corresponding field equation, equation of motion
and other quantum equations are derived in manifestly covariant manner. It has
been shown that the field equations are invariant under Lorentz as well as
duality transformations. It has been shown that the quaternionic formulation
presented here remains invariant under quaternion transformations.Comment: Key Words: Quaternion, dyons, gravito-dyons, gravi-electromagnetism.
PACS No.: 04.90. +e ; 14.80. H
Generalized Gravi-Electromagnetism
A self consistant and manifestly covariant theory for the dynamics of four
charges (masses) (namely electric, magnetic, gravitational, Heavisidian) has
been developed in simple, compact and consistent manner. Starting with an
invariant Lagrangian density and its quaternionic representation, we have
obtained the consistent field equation for the dynamics of four charges. It has
been shown that the present reformulation reproduces the dynamics of individual
charges (masses) in the absence of other charge (masses) as well as the
generalized theory of dyons (gravito - dyons) in the absence gravito - dyons
(dyons). key words: dyons, gravito - dyons, quaternion PACS NO: 14.80H
Quaternion Analysis for Generalized Electromagnetic Fields of Dyons in Isotropic Medium
Quaternion analysis of time dependent Maxwell's equations in presence of
electric and magnetic charges has been developed and the solutions for the
classical problem of moving charges (electric and magnetic) are obtained in
unique, simple and consistent manner
Characterization of the livestock production system and potential for enhancing productivity through improved feeding in Uttarakhand, India, December 2009
Mass function and dynamical study of the open clusters Berkeley 24 and Czernik 27
We present a photometric study of the open clusters Berkeley 24 (Be
24) and Czernik 27 (Cz 27). The radii of the clusters are determined as
2\farcm7 and 2\farcm3 for Be 24 and Cz 27, respectively. We use the Gaia Data
Release 2 (GDR2) catalogue to estimate the mean proper motions for the
clusters. We found the mean proper motion of Be 24 as mas
yr and mas yr in right ascension and declination
for Be 24 and mas yr and mas yr for
Cz 27. We used probable cluster members selected from proper motion data for
the estimation of fundamental parameters. We infer reddenings =
mag and mag for the two clusters. Analysis of
extinction curves towards the two clusters show that both have normal
interstellar extinction laws in the optical as well as in the near-IR band.
From the ultraviolet excess measurement, we derive metallicities of [Fe/H]=
dex and dex for the clusters Be 24 and Cz 27,
respectively. The distances, as determined from main sequence fitting, are
kpc and kpc. The comparison of observed CMDs with
isochrones, leads to an age of Gyr and Gyr for
Be 24 and Cz 27, respectively.
In addition to this, we have also studied the mass function and dynamical
state of these two clusters for the first time using probable cluster members.
The mass function is derived after including the corrections for data
incompleteness and field star contamination. Our analysis shows that both
clusters are now dynamically relaxedComment: 16 pages including 8 tables. 22 figures. Accepted by MNRA
Generalized Electromagnetic fields in Chiral Medium
The time dependent Dirac-Maxwell's Equations in presence of electric and
magnetic sources are written in chiral media and the solutions for the
classical problem are obtained in unique simple and consistent manner. The
quaternion reformulation of generalized electromagnetic fields in chiral media
has also been developed in compact, simple and consistent manner
Development and performance evaluation of manual/bullock operated multicrop planter for hilly region
In hills, sowing of various crops is generally performed manually by broadcasting of seeds, and that not only consume higher seed rate but also cause uneven distribution of seed at improper depth and moisture, poor germination, unhealthy plants and ultimately lower the yield. To overcome these problems, a single row manual/bullock multicrop planter was designed and developed for line sowing of wheat, maize, soybean, lentil, pea, mustard, millet etc. for hilly small fields. The power and pull requirements were 74.6 W and 12 kgf, respectively. The machine has a nylon made cell type seed metering mechanism with 4 types of cells of different sizes on a roller, and also has a fluted roller for fertilizer metering. Shovel type and Inverted T-type furrow openers can be used as the need. Two persons are required to operate the machine manually by one using handle and one with bullocks. The effective field capacity was observed 0.0378, 0.05, 0.058 and 0.056 hah-1 in wheat, lentil, mustard and pea, respectively. The cost of operation was observed 42% less in multicrop planter with 21%-33% increase in yield as compared to traditional broadcasting method
Four genes encoding MYB28, a major transcriptional regulator of the aliphatic glucosinolate pathway, are differentially expressed in the allopolypoloid Brassica juncea
Glucosinolates are Capparales-specific secondary metabolites that have immense potential in human health and agriculture. Unlike Arabidopsis thaliana, our knowledge about glucosinolate regulators in the Brassica crops is sparse. In the current study, four MYB28 homologues were identified (BjuMYB28-1,-2,-3,-4) from the polyploid Brassica juncea, and the effects of allopolyploidization on the divergence of gene sequence, structure, function, and expression were assessed. The deduced protein sequences of the four BjuMYB28 genes showed 76.1–83.1% identity with the Arabidopsis MYB28. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the four BjuMYB28 proteins have evolved via the hybridization and duplication processes forming the B. juncea genome (AABB) from B. rapa (AA) and B. nigra (BB), while retaining high levels of sequence conservation. Mutant complementation and over-expression studies in A. thaliana showed that all four BjuMYB28 genes encode functional MYB28 proteins and resulted in similar aliphatic glucosinolate composition and content. Detailed expression analysis using qRT-PCR assays and promoter-GUS lines revealed that the BjuMYB28 genes have both tissue- and cell-specific expression partitioning in B. juncea. The two B-genome origin BjuMYB28 genes had more abundant transcripts during the early stages of plant development than the A-genome origin genes. However, with the onset of the reproductive phase, expression levels of all four BjuMYB28 increased significantly, which may be necessary for producing and maintaining high amounts of aliphatic glucosinolates during the later stages of plant development. Taken together, our results suggest that the four MYB28 genes are differentially expressed and regulated in B. juncea to play discrete though overlapping roles in controlling aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis
Operator physiological response and bullock draughtability during primary tillage
A study on draughtability of small sized bullocks (Pair weight of 430 kg) of Kumaon hills of Uttarakhand, India for operating primary tillage by a newly developed VL Syahi hal (plough) was conducted at ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora in five different locations of Almora and Bageshwar district of Uttarakhand in the winter season, 2012 (November and December month). The physiological responses like pulse and respiration rate in ploughing with VL Syahi hal have increased with duration at the rate of sharp increase in the first hour followed by slow increase thereafter. The pulse and respiration rate increased by 27% and 14% respectively from its initial value after 1st hour of work. The average draft requirement of VL Syahi hal was observed to be within draughtability of the small bullocks. The bullocks could sustain the ploughing load (11.86% of their body weight) for two hours of continuous working during winter period. The average field capacity was 0.023 ha/h (43 h/ha) compared to 0.0136 ha/h (73 h/ha) with traditional plough. Considering draught, fatigue score, field capacity and soil pulverization, VL Syahi hal of 180 mm width was found to be suitable for small size bullocks of Kumaon hills of Uttarakhand
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