Dentition Status and its effect on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life in a Rural Elderly Population: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: This study was conducted to find out the effect of dentition status on the oral health related quality of life of rural elderly people residing in an Indian population.Methods: A total of 368 elderly subjects from eight villages were included in the study. OHRQoL was measured by using a validated Hindi version of Geriatric Oral Health AsBackground: This study was conducted to find out the effect of dentition status on the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of rural elderly people in an Indian population. The main objectives included the assessment of age wise differences among the elderly segment, particularly the effect of coronal and root caries, missing teeth and filled teeth.Methods: A total of 368 (192 (52.17%) males and 176 (47.83%) females) elderly subjects from eight villages were included in the study. Oral Health Related Quality of life was measured by using a validated Hindi version of Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Clinical assessment of the subjects was done regarding carious, missing, and filled teeth, and carious roots.Results: The mean GOHAI score was found to be 18.14 ± 5.71. The mean number of decayed crown was 1.34 ± 1.63, mean number of missing teeth was 12.74 ± 11.14, mean DMFT score was 14.08 ± 10.13, and mean number of teeth with root caries was 0.55 ± 1.17. Average number of carious roots was found to be maximum among 70-79 years age group followed by 60-69 years age group. Age wise differences were found to be statistically significant for mean number of decayed crown, missing teeth, root caries and mean DMFT.Conclusion: The results revealed that having more teeth present and less decayed teeth were found to be associated with better oral health related quality of life. The elderly are a special part of our society and need the utmost attention since they are most susceptible to oral diseases which impact their daily activities. Hence more light needs to be thrown on such issues to improve the overall health including the oral component.sessment Index (GOHAI). Clinical assessment of the subjects was done regarding carious, missing, filled teeth and carious roots.Results: The mean GOHAI score was found to be 18.14 ± 5.71. The mean decayed teeth were found to be 1.34 and mean DMFT was 14.08. Age wise differences were found to be statistically significant for mean number of decayed crown, missing teeth, root caries and mean DMFT.Conclusion: The results revealed the having more teeth present and less decayed teeth were found to be associated with better oral health related quality of life

Thermal and acoustic performance of cement fibreboard and bamboo buildings

462-471The present study evaluates the thermal and acoustic performance of building constructed from aerated concrete-cement fibreboards and bamboo composite. The thermal, humidity, ambient, and indoor temperature parameters are analyzed for a 24-hours cycle from April to May and December to January. The average temperature plot shows the maximum indoor temperature does not exceed 28-32 ºC for April to May and 12-16 ºC for December to January for both the buildings. Thermal admittance is observed as 7.3 W/m2K and 12 W/m2K for cement fibreboard and bamboo composite buildings respectively. Outdoor to indoor noise reduction (OINR) values at frequencies ranging from 80 Hz to 4000 Hz are noted and analysed. The maximum noise isolation provided by cement fibreboard and bamboo composite walls are found to be ~40 dBA and 35 dBA at 500 Hz. With proper ventilation and avoidance of direct sunlight in the room, a comfortable atmosphere can be achieved for these building

Thermal and acoustic performance of aerated concrete- cement fibreboard and bamboo buildings

The present study evaluates the thermal and acoustic performance of ground plus one storey of 1100 sq. ft. building constructed from aerated cement concrete sandwiched between cement fibreboards and composite bamboo building. The thermal, humidity, ambient, and indoor temperature parameters are analysed for a 24-hours cycle from April to May and December to January month. The average temperature plot for the summer season shows the maximum temperature inside both the buildings does not exceed 32 ºC.  Parameters viz. thermal admittance, thermal damping, and daylight illumination have also been evaluated in the current study. Outdoor to indoor noise reduction (OINR) values at frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 4000 Hz are noted and analysed. The maximum noise reduction provided by cement fibreboard wall and bamboo walls are these walls is found to be ~ 40 dBA and 35 dBA. With proper ventilation and avoidance of direct sunlight in the room, a comfortable atmosphere can be achieved for these buildings, which will help in the reduction in energy consumption of the buildings

Knowledge and Awareness of Ebola among Undergraduate Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: In the wake of the latest epidemic of Ebola, it has become important for healthcare personnel around the world to be very cautious regarding the contagious nature of the disease. This study was conducted among undergraduate dental students to assess the baseline knowledge and awareness about different aspects of Ebola.Methodology: A total of 212 students from third-year, final-year and internship were selected for the study. A pre-designed, structured and self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The first part had questions related to knowledge, epidemiology and transmission of Ebola. Second part was concerned with the symptoms, treatment and prevention aspect. Questions were close-ended with multiple-answer type.Results: Of the total sample, 78 (36.8%) participants were from third-year, 74 (34.9%) from final-year and 60 (28.3%) from internship. The overall success rate was just 48.58%. It was seen that the interns answered more number of questions correctly as compared to final-year and third-year students.Conclusion: Level of knowledge of Indian dental students about Ebola was generally acceptable considering the fact that it is not part of their curriculum. Dental school curriculum must also be updated in this regard

Boolean network analysis of a neurotransmitter signaling pathway

Background: A Boolean network is a simple computational model that may provide insight into the overall behavior of genetic networks and is represented by variables with two possible states (on/off), of the individual nodes/genes of the network. In this study, a Boolean network model has been used to simulate a molecular pathway between two neurotransmitter receptor, dopamine and glutamate receptor, systems in order to understand the consequence of using logic gate rules between nodes, which have two possible states (active and inactive). Results: The dynamical properties of this Boolean network model of the biochemical pathway shows that, the pathway is stable and that, deletion/knockout of certain biologically important nodes cause significant perturbation to this network. The analysis clearly shows that in addition to the expected components dopamine and dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2), Ca2+ ions play a critical role in maintaining stability of the pathway. Conclusion: So this method may be useful for the identification of potential genetic targets, whose loss of function in biochemical pathways may be responsible for disease onset. The molecular pathway considered in this study has been implicated with a complex disorder like schizophrenia, which has a complex multifactorial etiology

Trenchless Mechanized Inspection and Retrofitting Strategy for Buried Sewerage Systems

767-775The conventional retrofitting methods of buried sewer pipes require heavy machinery, intensive manpower, and a longer time for rehabilitation. Such methods may also damage the nearby infrastructures and landscapes. The present study explores an integrated trenchless solution for damage identification and mechanized retrofitting of domestic buried sewerage pipelines of diameter ranging from 75 to 300 mm. A front-mounted camera of the retrofitting system assesses the damage inside the sewer pipes. The retrofitting of the damaged part of buried pipe is achieved by impregnation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composite sheet with 100:16 epoxy and hardener ratio. The wrapping of the GFRP sheets on damaged part is done by inflation and deflation technique with a cylindrical rubber bladder connected by a flexible shaft. The retrofitted sewer pipe can be resumed after 3–4 hours of applying the impregnated GFRP composite with above retrofitting strategy

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on adsorption property of harmful air pollutants on zeolite prepared from fly ash

The present study focuses on the adsorption property of zeolite material prepared from fly ash for NOx, CO and other harmful air pollutants. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of zeolite shows formation of two phase namely, Analcime and Na-Pl (Na6Al6Si10O32 center dot 12H(2)O). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study reveals the adsorption of NO2, NO, N2O and CO pollutants on zeolite which are confirmed by core level XPS spectra of N 1s, O 1s and C 1s peaks. The two-zeolite phases have low silica content having acidic and thermal resistivity properties. These properties can be exploited in internal as well as external building environment for adsorption of harmful air pollutants

Enhanced dissolution of chitin using acidic deep eutectic solvents: a sustainable and simple approach to extract chitin from crayfish shell wastes as alternative feedstocks

Chitin is a natural biomass resource with high potential for a wide variety of applications. However, it remains poorly explored because of its solubility issues. In this work, a large range of acidic deep eutectic solvents (aDESs), combining different hydrogen bond acceptors [betaine (Bet), urea (U), and cholinium chloride (CC)] and hydrogen bond donors [formic acid (FA), acetic acid (AA) propanoic acid (PA), and lactic acid (LA)], were investigated. First, the ability of the aDESs to dissolve commercial chitin was compared and then, based on the solubility data obtained, the most efficient aDESs were chosen to extract chitin directly from red crayfish shell wastes. Considering that up to 10 wt % of commercial chitin was dissolved in the aDES CC:LA 1:2 and Bet:LA 1:2, these were further applied to extract chitin from crayfish shell wastes. Using these aDES as solvents, a high-quality chitin was obtained with a crystallinity index >80%, and a degree of acetylation >90%. The findings demonstrated the suitability of aDESs to enhance dissolution and hence to efficiently extract chitin from different raw biomass without compromising the polymer structural integritypublishe