The management of acute venous thromboembolism in clinical practice. Results from the European PREFER in VTE Registry

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe. Data from real-world registries are necessary, as clinical trials do not represent the full spectrum of VTE patients seen in clinical practice. We aimed to document the epidemiology, management and outcomes of VTE using data from a large, observational database. PREFER in VTE was an international, non-interventional disease registry conducted between January 2013 and July 2015 in primary and secondary care across seven European countries. Consecutive patients with acute VTE were documented and followed up over 12 months. PREFER in VTE included 3,455 patients with a mean age of 60.8 ± 17.0 years. Overall, 53.0 % were male. The majority of patients were assessed in the hospital setting as inpatients or outpatients (78.5 %). The diagnosis was deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) in 59.5 % and pulmonary embolism (PE) in 40.5 %. The most common comorbidities were the various types of cardiovascular disease (excluding hypertension; 45.5 %), hypertension (42.3 %) and dyslipidaemia (21.1 %). Following the index VTE, a large proportion of patients received initial therapy with heparin (73.2 %), almost half received a vitamin K antagonist (48.7 %) and nearly a quarter received a DOAC (24.5 %). Almost a quarter of all presentations were for recurrent VTE, with >80 % of previous episodes having occurred more than 12 months prior to baseline. In conclusion, PREFER in VTE has provided contemporary insights into VTE patients and their real-world management, including their baseline characteristics, risk factors, disease history, symptoms and signs, initial therapy and outcomes

Spatial Ramifications of Crop Selection: Water Quality and Biomass Energy

The use of GIS in concert with simple or complex simulation modeling provides an unparalleled way to generate new data and to help a variety of audiences understand spatial patterns of data. From improved understanding, policy incentives can be crafted to reduce adverse environmental impacts of agricultural production at lower costs than would be necessary otherwise. In this chapter, two case studies demonstrate how GIS and modeling can be used to understand how crop selection and soils interact to effect environmental outcomes across an agricultural landscape. We addressed the needs of two distinctly different audiences: (1) a public drinking water supplier faced with increasing nitrate in a ground water source and (2) variety of stakeholders involved with planning a new biomass conversion facility to produce renewable fuels from grain or cellulosic feedstock. In both cases, the GIS output documents the benefits of the perennial legume alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in particular landscape areas, and provides a mechanism to compare alfalfa with corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). GIS modeling files are attached (below) in a zipped folder (size \u3e 2.8 Gbytes)

über Peptidsynthesen, LI. über Antamanid, IX. Synthese einer antitoxischen Antamanid-Variante mit p-Azidophenylalanin in Stelle 6

Zur kovalenten Fixierung durch Photolyse wird die Variante 1 des Antamanids mit p-Azidophenylalanin anstelle von Phenylalanin in Position 6 hergestellt. Das zu cyclisierende lineare Decapeptid Ala-Phe-Phe(p-N3)-Pro-Pro-Phe-Phe-Val-Pro-Pro (4) erhält man aus dem Methylester des Nonapeptids 2 durch Kuppeln mit Boc-alanin nach der Anhydridmethode. 2 wird durch automatisierte Synthese an Polystyrolgel aufgebaut. 1 zeigt mit 2.5 mg/kg antitoxische Wirkung gegen 5 mg Phalloidin bei der weißen Maus. – Das für die Synthese erforderliche 4-Azido-L-phenylalanin (5) ist aus L-Phe durch Nitrieren, Reduktion der p-Nitro- Verbindung, Diazotieren der Amino-Verbindung und deren Umsetzung mit Na-azid erhalten worden

Über Peptidsynthesen, XLIX. Automatisierte Synthese von Strukturvarianten des Antamanids mit L-α-Amino-buttersäure in 1- und 4-Stellung

Die Synthesen der Dekapeptide Phe-Pro-Pro-Phe-Phe-Abu-Pro-Pro-Ala-Phe (Dekapeptid von 1), Phe-Pro-Pro-Phe-Phe-Val-Pro-Pro-Abu-Phe (Dekapeptid von 2) und Phe-Pro-Pro-Phe-Phe-Abu-Pro-Pro-Abu-Phe (Dekapeptid von 3) werden nach der Merrifield-Methode unter Benutzung eines Peptide-Synthetisators ausgeführt. Die Cyclisierung mit DCC + HOSu ergibt die Strukturvarianten 1, 2 und 3, die ca. 40, 100 und 5–10% der antitoxischen Wirksamkeit des Antamanids an der weißen Maus aufweisen