Mourning of Art

Panel: The Art of Mournin

The Effects of Project-based Learning Using Storytelling on Enhancing EFL Young Learners’ 21st Century Skills

This report of classroom action research is based on the application of Project-based learning (PBL) using storytelling and analyzing its effects on enhancing EFL young learners’ 21st Century Skills. The report presents how the EFL education has been in Portugal and provides insights for teachers who would consider implementing PBL into young learner EFL classrooms using storytelling, with the aim of enhancing 21st Century Skills, among others. Therefore, the main focus is to conduct classroom action research to analyze the possibility of transforming traditional EFL teaching classrooms into an active learning environment through PBL. By undertaking an ethnographical methodological approach of both qualitative and quantitative nature and with action research outlines, the following triangulation of data collection tools were applied: lesson plans, discussions, self-assessment worksheets, questionnaires, one-on-one interviews, observation grids, and a teaching journal. Results show that both PBL and storytelling can produce effective learning experiences and foster learners' 21st Century Skills. Therefore, it can be stated that implementing PBL using storytelling has saliently positive impacts on EFL young learners’ 21st Century Skills, namely: collaboration, critical thinking, creativity, communication, problem-solving and ICT 1skills.Este relatório de investigação-ação em sala de aula é baseado na aplicação da abordagem “Aprendizagem baseada em projetos” (“PBL” em inglês), usando a narração de histórias, e analisando os seus efeitos no desenvolvimento de competências do século XXI, relativamente a jovens alunos de ILE. Este trabalho aborda distintos temas, nomeadamente o estado do ensino de ILE em Portugal e também fornece ideias para professores que equacionem a implementação da abordagem PBL nas salas de aula de ILE para crianças, usando a narração de histórias com o objetivo de fomentar as competências acima referidas, entre outras. Portanto, o foco principal do nosso estudo é levar a cabo este projeto com contornos de investigação-ação, de forma a verificar a possibilidade de transformar as salas de aula de ensino de inglês tradicional num ambiente ativo de aprendizagem através do PBL. Ao levarmos a cabo uma abordagem metodológica etnográfica de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa e com contornos de investigação-ação, utilizaremos as seguintes ferramentas de recolha de dados: planos da aula, discussões, checklist de auto-avaliação, questionários, entrevistas individuais, tabelas de observação, e um diário de bordo. Os resultados demonstram que tanto “Aprendizagem baseada em projetos” (“PBL” em inglês) como a narração de histórias podem produzir experiências de aprendizagem efetiva e melhorar as competências do século XXI das crianças. Portanto, pode ser dito que a implementação de PBL usando narração tem impactos positivos nas competências do século XXI dos jovens alunos de ILE, nomeadamente: colaboração, pensamento crítico, criatividade, comunicação, resolução de problemas, e competências TIC2, usando a narração de histórias

Monetary transmission mechanism in Turkey and Argentina

Monetary transmission mechanism, which is used by central banks to affect consumption, investment and saving decisions of both households and firms, has been subject of many theoretical and empirical studies. It seems that there is a consensus that monetary policy affects real economy in the short run. But on the other hand, the question “how it actually does” has been discussed by many economists for several years. The reason for this is that the countries which are at different stages of development also have financial systems at different levels. While in industrialized countries, the capital market system is more effective in the financial system; in developing countries, banking system is dominant in the financial system. From this viewpoint, this study tries to answer the question “which of the two channels of transmission mechanisms is effective in the two developing countries, Argentina and Turkey, “money channel or credit channel (which is not alternative but complementary for money channel)”. VAR model is used to identify relative strengths of different monetary transmission channels in each country by five macroeconomic variables which are stated in the following order: overnight rate, bank deposits, bank loans, consumer price index and industrial production index. The data period of these variables ranges from 2003:01 to 2010:08. The paper proceeds as follows: Section I provides theoretical background of the money and credit channels of transmission mechanism. Section II summarizes recent empirical studies. Section III describes variables and discusses the empirical findings of the model. Section IV provides concluding remarks

Marshall-lerner condition analysis: Turkey case

Marshall-Lerner (ML) condition is a phenomenon that describes increase in net exports through depreciation of domestic currency. When the sum of export and import elasticities are greater than unity, the ML condition states that a deficit in the trade balance may be improved through currency depreciation at least in a long run. The aim of this study is to find whether the ML condition can be applied to Turkey. In this regard, price and income elasticities of export and import demands in Turkey and its most important bilateral trade partner Germany were studied for the period from January, 2010 to December, 2014. ARDL method was used to investigate a long-term co-integration relationship among the variables. Findings of this study support the applicability of the ML condition indicating that the sum of export and import price elasticities is higher than unity. The depreciation of domestic currency does indeed improve the trade balance of Turkey in a long run

The relationship between foreign direct investment and trade: A case study for the Turkish service sector

The aim of this study is to analyze the causal link between the inward foreign direct investments (FDI), import service sector, and export service sector over a period of time beginning with 1980 which lasts till 2012 by using the VEC Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald Tests. Our findings showed that there is a bilateral causality between the import services and the inward FDI. However, there is a strong evidence of the unidirectional causality from the export services to the import services, and the inward FDI

The relationship between foreign exchange rate and foreign direct investment in Turkey

ABSTRACT. The link between exchange rate and FDI flows has been investigated by several empirical studies. Besides exchange rate level and exchange rate volatility, some of the studies have also considered the effects of exchange rate expectations in their analysis. This study tries to test the hypothesis that there exists a reciprocal relationship between FDI inflows in Turkey and the real exchange rate level. Time series data for the period from January, 2007 to January, 2015 were used to investigate the effect of real exchange rate on foreign direct investment in Turkey in a long run. For this purpose, we employed a bound test cointegration approach that is based on the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). The results obtained from a long-term static analysis of estimated ARDL model revealed that there is a cointegration relationship between the exchange rate level and FDI inflows in Turkey