938 research outputs found
The Effects of Project-based Learning Using Storytelling on Enhancing EFL Young Learners’ 21st Century Skills
This report of classroom action research is based on the application of Project-based learning (PBL)
using storytelling and analyzing its effects on enhancing EFL young learners’ 21st Century Skills. The
report presents how the EFL education has been in Portugal and provides insights for teachers who
would consider implementing PBL into young learner EFL classrooms using storytelling, with the aim
of enhancing 21st Century Skills, among others. Therefore, the main focus is to conduct classroom
action research to analyze the possibility of transforming traditional EFL teaching classrooms into an
active learning environment through PBL. By undertaking an ethnographical methodological
approach of both qualitative and quantitative nature and with action research outlines, the following
triangulation of data collection tools were applied: lesson plans, discussions, self-assessment
worksheets, questionnaires, one-on-one interviews, observation grids, and a teaching journal.
Results show that both PBL and storytelling can produce effective learning experiences and foster
learners' 21st Century Skills. Therefore, it can be stated that implementing PBL using storytelling has
saliently positive impacts on EFL young learners’ 21st Century Skills, namely: collaboration, critical
thinking, creativity, communication, problem-solving and ICT 1skills.Este relatório de investigação-ação em sala de aula é baseado na aplicação da abordagem
“Aprendizagem baseada em projetos” (“PBL” em inglês), usando a narração de histórias, e analisando
os seus efeitos no desenvolvimento de competências do século XXI, relativamente a jovens alunos
de ILE. Este trabalho aborda distintos temas, nomeadamente o estado do ensino de ILE em Portugal
e também fornece ideias para professores que equacionem a implementação da abordagem PBL nas
salas de aula de ILE para crianças, usando a narração de histórias com o objetivo de fomentar as
competências acima referidas, entre outras. Portanto, o foco principal do nosso estudo é levar a cabo
este projeto com contornos de investigação-ação, de forma a verificar a possibilidade de transformar
as salas de aula de ensino de inglês tradicional num ambiente ativo de aprendizagem através do PBL.
Ao levarmos a cabo uma abordagem metodológica etnográfica de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa
e com contornos de investigação-ação, utilizaremos as seguintes ferramentas de recolha de dados:
planos da aula, discussões, checklist de auto-avaliação, questionários, entrevistas individuais, tabelas
de observação, e um diário de bordo.
Os resultados demonstram que tanto “Aprendizagem baseada em projetos” (“PBL” em inglês) como
a narração de histórias podem produzir experiências de aprendizagem efetiva e melhorar as
competências do século XXI das crianças. Portanto, pode ser dito que a implementação de PBL
usando narração tem impactos positivos nas competências do século XXI dos jovens alunos de ILE,
nomeadamente: colaboração, pensamento crítico, criatividade, comunicação, resolução de
problemas, e competências TIC2, usando a narração de histórias
Monetary transmission mechanism in Turkey and Argentina
Monetary transmission mechanism, which is used by central banks to affect consumption, investment and saving decisions of both households and firms, has been subject of many theoretical and empirical studies. It seems that there is a consensus that monetary policy affects real economy in the short run. But on the other hand, the question “how it actually does” has been discussed by many economists for several years. The reason for this is that the countries which are at different stages of development also have financial systems at different levels. While in industrialized countries, the capital market system is more effective in the financial system; in developing countries, banking system is dominant in the financial system. From this viewpoint, this study tries to answer the question “which of the two channels of transmission mechanisms is effective in the two developing countries, Argentina and Turkey, “money channel or credit channel (which is not alternative but complementary for money channel)”. VAR model is used to identify relative strengths of different monetary transmission channels in each country by five macroeconomic variables which are stated in the following order: overnight rate, bank deposits, bank loans, consumer price index and industrial production index. The data period of these variables ranges from 2003:01 to 2010:08. The paper proceeds as follows: Section I provides theoretical background of the money and credit channels of transmission mechanism. Section II summarizes recent empirical studies. Section III describes variables and discusses the empirical findings of the model. Section IV provides concluding remarks
Marshall-lerner condition analysis: Turkey case
Marshall-Lerner (ML) condition is a phenomenon that describes
increase in net exports through depreciation of domestic currency. When the sum of
export and import elasticities are greater than unity, the ML condition states that a
deficit in the trade balance may be improved through currency depreciation at least
in a long run. The aim of this study is to find whether the ML condition can be
applied to Turkey. In this regard, price and income elasticities of export and import
demands in Turkey and its most important bilateral trade partner Germany were
studied for the period from January, 2010 to December, 2014. ARDL method was
used to investigate a long-term co-integration relationship among the variables.
Findings of this study support the applicability of the ML condition indicating that
the sum of export and import price elasticities is higher than unity. The depreciation
of domestic currency does indeed improve the trade balance of Turkey in a long run
The relationship between foreign direct investment and trade: A case study for the Turkish service sector
The aim of this study is to analyze the causal link between the inward
foreign direct investments (FDI), import service sector, and export service sector
over a period of time beginning with 1980 which lasts till 2012 by using the VEC
Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald Tests. Our findings showed that there is
a bilateral causality between the import services and the inward FDI. However, there
is a strong evidence of the unidirectional causality from the export services to the
import services, and the inward FDI
The relationship between foreign exchange rate and foreign direct investment in Turkey
ABSTRACT. The link between exchange rate and FDI flows has been investigated
by several empirical studies. Besides exchange rate level and exchange rate
volatility, some of the studies have also considered the effects of exchange rate
expectations in their analysis. This study tries to test the hypothesis that there exists
a reciprocal relationship between FDI inflows in Turkey and the real exchange rate
level. Time series data for the period from January, 2007 to January, 2015 were used
to investigate the effect of real exchange rate on foreign direct investment in Turkey
in a long run. For this purpose, we employed a bound test cointegration approach
that is based on the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). The results
obtained from a long-term static analysis of estimated ARDL model revealed that
there is a cointegration relationship between the exchange rate level and FDI inflows
in Turkey
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