Remarkable Increase in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among School Age Children in Antalya, Turkey, Between 2003 and 2015

Objective:Childhood obesity (OB) is an acknowledged global problem with increasing prevalence reported around the world. We conducted this study with the aim of determining the local trend in OB and overweight (OW) prevalence in the last decade and to observe the alteration of OB and OW prevalence by age group. An additional aim was to construct new age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI) reference percentile charts for Turkish children living in the city center of Antalya.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 1687 school aged children. International Obesity Task Force guidelines were used to determine the OB and OW prevalence. OW was defined as a BMI between 85th and 95th percentile, and OB >95th percentile. The data were compared with a previous study carried out in the same region in 2003. The least mean square method was used to construct the BMI reference percentile charts.Results:The prevalence rates for OB and OW were 9.8% and 23.2%, respectively, with a combined OW/OB rate of 33%. OB prevalence was higher in boys than girls (p<0.05). The prevalence of combined OW/OB was highest at age 9-10 years. The prevalence of OB has increased 2.9 times during twelve years in this location.Conclusion:Comparing the current findings with rates of OW and OB in the previous decade, childhood OB in Antalya has reached alarming levels. Urgent measures integrated into the national education system should be taken to prevent OB. In addition more surveillance studies should be planned to show the future trend of OB prevalence nationally

Tip 1 diyabetli çocuklarda benlik saygısı ve psikopatoloj i

Amaç. Bu çalışmada Tip 1 Diyabetes Mellituslu (Tip 1 DM) çocuklarda psikiyatrik sorunlar ve benlik saygısının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem. Çalışmaya Tip 1 DM tanılı 8-12 yaş arasında 52 gönüllü çocuk ile sağlıklı gönüllülerden oluşan, hasta grubuyla yaş ve cinsiyet açısından eşleştirilmiş “psikiyatrik hastalığı olan grup” (PG) (n=28) ve “sağlıklı kontroller” (SK) (n=26) alındı. Sosyodemografik veriler standart sosyodemografik veri toplama formu ile elde edildi. Çocuklara yarı yapılandırılmış tanı görüşmesi (K-SADS-PL), Piers-Harris Çocuklarda Öz- Kavramı Ölçeği (PHÖKÖ), Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği (RBSÖ) uygulandı. Bulgular. DM’li çocukların %59,6’sında (n=31) en az bir psikiyatrik bozukluğun olduğu saptandı. Diabetik grupta psikiyatrik bozukluğu olanların HbA1C düzeylerinin olmayanlardan daha yüksek (p=0,024) olduğu görüldü. Psikiyatrik bozukluk grubundaki çocukların benlik saygılarının hem sağlıklı yaşıtlarından (p=0,00) hem de DM’lilerden (p=0,005) daha düşük olduğu saptandı. Çocukların öz kavramlarına bakıldığında ise gruplar arasında farklılık olduğu (p=0,02) ve bunun DM’li çocukların sağlıklı yaşıtlarına göre özkavramlarının daha olumsuz olmasına bağlı olduğu görüldü (p=0,04). DM’li çocuklarda kişilerarası ilişki sorunlarının daha yaygın alanlarda görüldüğü bulunmuştur. Sonuç. Tip I DM’li çocukların öz kavramlarının sağlıklı çocuklardan daha olumsuz olduğu, kişilerarası ilişki sorunlarının daha yaygın alanlarda görüldüğü ve psikiyatrik bir hastalık varlığında HbA1C düzeyini de arttığı görülmektedir. Bu sonuçlar diyabetli çocukların takipleri sırasında psikiyatrik değerlendirmenin yapılmasının gerekli olduğunu, böylece olası psikopatolojilerin tanınarak tedavisi edilmesi ve ileride gelişebilecek olası komplikasyonların önlenebileceğini düşündürmektedir.Aim. This study aims to evaluate psychiatric disorders and self-esteem in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM). Methods. The study enrolled 52 volunteer children aged between 8 and 12-years-old, who have been diagnosed with Type 1 DM, and “group with psychiatric disease” (PG) (n=28) and “healthy controls” (HC) (n=26) consisted of healthy controls who are age- and sex-matched with patient group. Sociodemographic data were obtained using standard sociodemographic data collection form. The children were administered semi-structured diagnostic interview (K-SADS-PL), Piers-Harris children's self-concept scale (PHCSCS) and Rosenberg Self- esteem Scale (RSES). Results. It was observed that 59.6% of the children with DM (n=31) still had at least one psychiatric disorder. It was seen that, in the diabetic group, HbA1C levels were higher in those with psychiatric disorder compared to those without it (p=0.024). It was found that self-esteem of the children in the group with psychiatric disorder was lower compared to both healthy counterparts (p=0.00) and the children with DM (p=0.005). It was found that the children in the group with psychiatric disorder had lower self-esteem compared to healthy counterparts. When self-concept of the children was examined, it was seen that there was a difference across the groups (p=0.02), which was attributed to more negative self-concepts of the children with DM compared to healthy counterparts (p=0.04). In the children with DM, it was seen that interpersonal relation problems were seen in a wider range of areas. Conclusion. It is seen that, in the children with Type I DM, self-concept was more negative compared to healthy children, that problems in relation were seen in a wider range of areas and that the presence of a psychiatric disease increased HbA1C levels. These results suggest that psychiatric evaluation is required during the follow-up of the diabetic children, allowing the recognition and treatment of eventual psychopathologies and the prevention of the eventual complications that may develop in the future

Urinary Bisphenol A Levels In Girls With Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty

Ob­jec­ti­ve: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical, particularly used to harden plastics. BPA is thought to have negative health effects on both laboratory animals and humans. Consider ing the decline in age of onset of puberty noted in recent years, particularly among girls, the importance of BPA as an estrogenic endocrine disruptor has increased. In this study, we aimed to determine urinary BPA levels in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP)., Methods: Non-obese girls newly diagnosed with ICPP (n=28, age 4-8 years) constituted the study group. The control group consisted of 25 healthy age-matched girls with no history of ICPP or any other endocrine disorder. Urinary BPA levels were measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography., Results: In the ICPP group, urinary BPA levels were significantly higher compared to the control group [median 8.34 (0.84-67.35) μg/g creatinine and 1.62 (0.3-25.79) μg/g creatinine, respectively (OR=8.68, 95% CI:2.03-32.72, p=0.001)]. There was no marked correlation between urinary BPA levels and body mass index in either group. In the ICPP group, no significant correlations were found between urinary BPA levels and serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol levels., Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the urinary BPA levels in Turkish girls with ICPP. Our results indicate that the estrogenic effects of BPA may be an etiologic factor in ICPP.PubMedWoSScopu

A novel DAX-1 mutation presented with precocious puberty and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in different members of a large pedigree

WOS: 000318500400021PubMed ID: 23585174Patients with DAX-1 gene mutations on chromosome Xp21 usually present with adrenal hypoplasia congenita and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Yet, neither correlation between the type of mutation and the age of onset of the disease nor mechanism of the mutation on puberty is fully understood. Here, we report a novel non-sense p. Gln208X mutation in the amino terminal domain of the DAX-1 gene observed in a large family with three boys presenting with adrenal manifestations at different ages. Furthermore, two boys developed spontaneous puberty that failed to progress at similar ages, whereas the other boy developed precocious puberty at 10 month of age. The unique structure of the DAX-1 gene may explain this phenotypic variability. However, more studies are needed to understand the role of the DAX-1 gene on development of the adrenal gland and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis

A novel splice site mutation of the beta subunit gene of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in one Turkish patient with a systemic form of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1

WOS: 000309757300036PubMed ID: 23426840Background/aims: Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 1 (PHA1) is a rare heterogeneous syndrome characterized by severe salt loss, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis, hyperaldosteronism and hyperreninemia. Multi-system form of PHA1 is caused by mutations in one of the genes encoding the alpha, beta and gamma subunits of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). In this study, we presented a novel splice site mutation in the beta-gene of ENaC in a patient with multi-system PHA. Methods: We performed DNA sequencing analysis of SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1G and NR3C2 genes. Results: We found a novel c.1266-1G>C homozygous splice site mutation in intron 8 of the SCNN1B gene. Initially elevated plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone levels of the patient returned to normal with large amounts of dietary salt and serum sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) levels were within normal range at the end of the first year of life. Conclusion: This improvement may be due to partial activity of mutated ENaC subunits, reduced dependence on aldosterone in salt homeostasis with increasing age, and alternative regulating mechanisms in sodium homeostasis. The results enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disorder and the mechanisms of renal salt conservation

A Combination of Nifedipine and Octreotide Treatment in an Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemic Infant

ABSTRACT Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) is the commonest cause of persistent hypoglycemia in the neonatal and infancy periods. Mutations in the ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes, which encode subunits of the ATPsensitiv