Controlling the corrosion and cathodic activation of magnesium via microalloying additions of Ge

The evolution of corrosion morphology and kinetics for magnesium (Mg) have been demonstrated to be influenced by cathodic activation, which implies that the rate of the cathodic partial reaction is enhanced as a result of anodic dissolution. This phenomenon was recently demonstrated to be moderated by the use of arsenic (As) alloying as a poison for the cathodic reaction, leading to significantly improved corrosion resistance. The pursuit of alternatives to toxic As is important as a means to imparting a technologically safe and effective corrosion control method for Mg (and its alloys). In this work, Mg was microalloyed with germanium (Ge), with the aim of improving corrosion resistance by retarding cathodic activation. Based on a combined analysis herein, we report that Ge is potent in supressing the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (reduction of water) upon Mg, improving corrosion resistance. With the addition of Ge, cathodic activation of Mg subject to cyclic polarisation was also hindered, with beneficial implications for future Mg electrodes

Corrosion Performance of Friction Stir Linear Lap Welded AM60B Joints

A corrosion investigation of friction stir linear lap welded AM60B joints used to fabricate an Mg alloy-intensive automotive front end sub-assembly was performed. The stir zone exhibited a slightly refined grain size and significant break-up and re-distribution of the divorced Mg17Al12 (β-phase) relative to the base material. Exposures in NaCl (aq) environments revealed that the stir zone was more susceptible to localized corrosion than the base material. Scanning vibrating electrode technique measurements revealed differential galvanic activity across the joint. Anodic activity was confined to the stir zone surface and involved initiation and lateral propagation of localized filaments. Cathodic activity was initially confined to the base material surface, but was rapidly modified to include the cathodically-activated corrosion products in the filament wake. Site-specific surface analyses revealed that the corrosion observed across the welded joint was likely linked to variations in Al distribution across the surface film/metal interface

Clipping of a basilar tip aneurysm using hypothermia and circulatory arrest: a case report.

Treatment of complex and giant aneurysms remains challenging despite modern endovascular and microsurgical techniques. We report the first case of microsurgical clipping of a complex basilar tip aneurysm under circulatory arrest and hypothermia performed in Greece. A 52-year-old patient presented with a Hunt and Hess Grade 4 subarachnoid hemorrhage. The digital subtraction angiography revealed a complex basilar tip aneurysm. Due to aneurysm complexity, we decided for microsurgical clipping under hypothermia and circulatory arrest. We performed a right pterional craniotomy with orbitozygomatic osteotomy. The patient was then put on heart-lung-machine. Following hypothermia and circulatory arrest, the aneurysm was clipped with its complete occlusion. The patient was discharged with no neurological deficits. Clipping of complex aneurysms under hypothermia and cardiac arrest performed by experienced team is a safe alternative when endovascular therapy or bypass technique is not feasible

RustSEG -- Automated segmentation of corrosion using deep learning

The inspection of infrastructure for corrosion remains a task that is typically performed manually by qualified engineers or inspectors. This task of inspection is laborious, slow, and often requires complex access. Recently, deep learning based algorithms have revealed promise and performance in the automatic detection of corrosion. However, to date, research regarding the segmentation of images for automated corrosion detection has been limited, due to the lack of availability of per-pixel labelled data sets which are required for model training. Herein, a novel deep learning approach (termed RustSEG) is presented, that can accurately segment images for automated corrosion detection, without the requirement of per-pixel labelled data sets for training. The RustSEG method will first, using deep learning techniques, determine if corrosion is present in an image (i.e. a classification task), and then if corrosion is present, the model will examine what pixels in the original image contributed to that classification decision. Finally, the method can refine its predictions into a pixel-level segmentation mask. In ideal cases, the method is able to generate precise masks of corrosion in images, demonstrating that the automated segmentation of corrosion without per-pixel training data is possible, addressing a significant hurdle in automated infrastructure inspection

“Security Dilemma”: Active Immunotherapy before Versus after Radiation Therapy Alone or Chemo-Radiotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma [„Дилемма безопасности“: активная иммунотерапия до и после лучевой терапии или химиолучевой терапии при недавно диагностированной глиобластоме]

Management of glioblastoma should be aggressive and personalised to increase the quality of life. Many new therapies, such as active immunotherapy, increase the overall survival, yet they result in complications which render the search for the optimal treatment strategy challenging. In order to answer whether the available treatment options should be administered in a specific row, we performed a literature search and meta-analysis. The results show that overall survival among the different treatment groups was equal, while the rates of complications were unequal. After surgery, when active immunotherapy was administered before radiation, radiation and chemotherapy, complication rates were lower. For newly diagnosed glioblastoma in adults, applying active immunotherapy after total resection but before the other complementary treatment options is associated with lower complication rates. © Copyright by authors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credite